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PCOL > Drugs for Bronchial Asthma (Part 02) > Flashcards

Drugs for Bronchial Asthma (Part 02) Flashcards

1
Q

Two Classifications of Drugs for Asthma

A
  1. Reliever
    • It increase Airway Caliber
  2. Controller
    • Anti-Inflammatory Agents
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2
Q

Drug/s for Asthma under Reliever

A
  1. Beta 2 Agonists
  2. Methylxanthines
  3. Anticholinergics
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3
Q

Drugs for Asthma under Controller

A
  1. Inhaled Corticosteroids
  2. Leukotriene Antagonists
  3. Mast Cell Stabilizers
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4
Q

Mechanism of Action of Beta 2 Agonists

A

– Stimulating Beta 2 Receptors
– Activating Adenyl Cyclase
– ↑ Intracellular Production of cAMP

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5
Q

Two Types of Beta 2 Agonists

A
  1. Short-Acting Beta 2 Agonists
    • Reliever – (Manage)
  2. Long-Acting Beta 2 Agonists
    • Controller - (Prevent)
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6
Q

It has short duration but with rapid onset of action. It is considered as the primary reliever medication. The first line in the treatment of acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma.

A

Short-Acting Beta 2 Agonists

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7
Q

Example of Drug/s under Short-Acting Beta 2 Agonists that are Available as Inhalers, and given as Oral Tablet.

A

• Salbutamol (Ventolin)
• Terbutaline (Bricanyl)

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8
Q

Two Classifications of Long-Acting Beta 2 Agonists

A
  1. Long Acting with Slow Onset
  2. Long Acting with Rapid Onset
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9
Q

Example of Drug/s under Long Acting with Slow Onset, and the only Beta 2 Agonist administered Orally without Inhalation Route.

A

Bambuterol (Bambec)

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10
Q

Example of Drug/s under Long Acting with Rapid Onset.

A

• Formoterol
• Salmeterol (Serevent)

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11
Q

It has the generic name of Seretide.

A

Salmeterol + Fluticasone

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12
Q

It has the generic name of Symbicort.

A

Formoterol + Budesonide

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13
Q

A/E of Beta 2 Agonists

A
  1. Skeletal Muscle Tremor
  2. Nervousness
  3. Occasional Weakness
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14
Q

Toxicities of Beta 2 Agonists

A
  1. Tachyphylaxis
  2. Cardiac Arrhythmias
  3. Hypoxemia
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15
Q

These are bronchodilators that are reserved for special situations, and are non-selective agonists of adrenergic receptors.

A

Sympathomimetic Agents

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16
Q

Examples of Sympathomimetic Agents

A
  1. Epinephrine
  2. Isoproterenol (Isoprenaline)
  3. Ephedrine
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17
Q

Its MOA is to stimulate catecholamine receptor. It is an effective, rapidly acting bronchodilator.

A

Epinephrine

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18
Q

Use of Epinephrine

A

Anaphylactic Shock

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19
Q

A potent bronchodilator, and has duration of action from 60 to 90 minutes.

A

Isoproterenol (Isoprenaline)

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20
Q

Mechanism of Action of Ephedrine

A

– Increase Catecholamine Release
– Inhibition of Reuptake

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21
Q

Alternative controller medication because it possesses narrow therapeutic index. Drug/s for the treatment of COPD (usually given at bedtime).

A

Methylxanthines

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22
Q

At high concentrations, they inhibit several members of the PDE enzyme family. At low doses, they inhibit the late phase of allergic reaction and they may actually have anti-inflammatory activity.

A

Methylxanthines

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23
Q

A synthetic analog of Theophylline.

A

Dyphylline

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24
Q

It is not for asthma but for intermittent claudication.

A

Phentoxyfylline

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25
Q

It competitively inhibit the effect of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors thus blocking the contraction of the airway smooth muscle, and the first line reliever in COPD.

A

Anticholinergics

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26
Q

Example of Drug/s associated with Anticholinergics.

A
  1. Ipratropium (Atrovent)
  2. Tiotropium
  3. Oxytropium
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27
Q

An Anticholinergic Drug with 24-hour Duration of Action (Long Acting)

A

Tiotropium

28
Q

It has the generic name of Berodual.

A

Ipratropium + Fenoterol

29
Q

It has the generic name of Combivent.

A

Ipratropium + Salbutamol

30
Q

Prophylactic Agents for Asthma, and used as Prophylaxis of EIB.

A

Mast Cell Stabilizers

31
Q

Example of Drug/s associated with Mast Cell Stabilizers.

A

• Cromolyn (Intal)
• Nedocromil (Tilade)

32
Q

It poorly absorbed from GIT and must be inhaled as microfine powder or aerosolized solution.

A

Cromolyn (Intal)

33
Q

It has very low bioavailability and is available only in metered-dose aerosol form.

A

Nedocromil (Tilade)

34
Q

One of the A/E of Mast Cell Stabilizers

A

Bronchospasm

35
Q

It inhibits 5-lipoxygenase thereby preventing leukotriene synthesis.

A

5-LOX Inhibitor

36
Q

A drug that is under 5-LOX Inhibitor—is the least prescribed because of the requirement of four (4) times daily dosing and because of occasional liver toxicity.

A

Zileuton (Zyflo)

37
Q

Prevents the binding of LTD4 to its specific receptor thus inhibiting its effects on airways.

A

Leukotriene Antagonists

38
Q

A selective Cysteinyl Leukotriene 1 (CysLT1) receptor antagonists.

A

Leukotriene Antagonists

39
Q

Example of Drug/s associated with Leukotriene Antagonists.

A

• Montelukast (Singulair)
• Zafirlukast (Accolate)

40
Q

It has the generic name of Co-Altria.

A

Montelukast + Levocetirizine

41
Q

Precaution: The chewable forms of this drug (4 to 5 mg tablets) contain Aspartame and should be avoided in patients with Phenylketonuria.

A

Montelukast (Singulair)

42
Q

A/E of Leukotriene Antagonists

A
  1. Mask the Symptom of Churg-Strauss Syndrome
  2. Phenylketonuria
43
Q

A systemic vasculitis characterized by worsening asthma, pulmonary infiltrates, and eosinophilia.

A

Churg-Strauss Syndrome

44
Q

Inhibits Phospholipase A2

A

Corticosteroids

45
Q

Steroids Used in Bronchial Asthma

A

• Long Acting (Inhaled)
• Systemic Oral Medications
• Systemic Parenteral

46
Q

Example of Drug/s under Long Acting (Inhaled).

A

• Budesonide
• Beclomethasone
• Fluticasone
• Flunisolide

47
Q

Example of Drug/s under Systemic Oral Medications.

A

Prednisone / Prednisolone

48
Q

Example of Drug/s under Systemic Parenteral.

A

• Hydrocortisone
• Methylprednisone

49
Q

Steroids that are First Line Controller Medications.

A

Long Acting (Inhaled)

50
Q

Steroids that are Short Acting Agents.

A

Systemic Oral Medications

51
Q

Steroids that are Preferred Agents for Status Asthmaticus.

A

Systemic Parenteral

52
Q

A life-threatening condition that occurs when severe asthma exacerbation fails to respond to usual treatment.

A

Status Asthmaticus

53
Q

Disorder that occurs when the body makes to much of the hormone cortisol over long period of time.

A

Cushing-Like Syndrome

54
Q

A drug under Anti-IgE Monoclonal Antibodies. Inhibits the binding of IgE to mast cells.

A

Omalizumab

55
Q

Example of Drug/s under Metered Dose Inhalers (MDIs).

A

• Triamcinolone (Azmacort)
• Salbutamol (Ventolin)

56
Q

Additions of spacer in patient with poor MDI technique improves pulmonary delivery of the agent.

A

Spacers and Holding Chambers

57
Q

A flat, round device that is used to deliver asthma medicines in powder form.

A

Diskus Inhaler

58
Q

They are used to avoid the use of Freon propellants. They are also being used more frequently because many patients find them easier to use than an MDI.

A

Dry-Powder Inhalers

59
Q

A breath-activated device.

A

Turbuhaler

60
Q

An example of drug for turbuhaler.

A

Formoterol + Budesonide = Symbicort

61
Q

It requires less patient coordination during administration of multiple inhalations.

A

Nebulizers

62
Q

Although the Fraction of Inspire Oxygen (FIO2) administered is based on the patient’s arterial blood gas status, 1-3 L / min is generally given via facemask or nasal cannula.

A

Humidified Oxygen

63
Q

A mixture of helium and oxygen that has lower density than air.

A

Heliox

64
Q

It may be required if the patient is volume depleted.

A

Intravenous Fluids and Electrolytes

65
Q

Some measures include use of allergen-resistant mattress and pillow encasements, use of high-filtration vacuum cleaners, removal of carpets and draperies, and avoidance of furry pets.

A

Environmental Control

PCOL (21 decks)

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