Small Ruminant Clinical Procedures Flashcards
What is an Ewe?
adult female sheep
What is a Ram?
adult male sheep
What is a Wether?
castrated male sheep
or
castrated male goat
What is a Lamb?
neonate (sheep)
What is lambing?
act of parturition (sheep)
What is a Doe/Nanny?
mature female goat
What is a Buck/Billy?
mature male goat
What is a Kid?
neonate (goat)
What is kidding?
act of parturition (goat)
What is a normal temperature for small ruminants?
101-104*F
What is a normal pulse rate for small ruminants?
70-90bpm
What is a normal respiration rate for small ruminants?
12-30bpm
What type of estrous cycle do sheep and goats have?
breed dependent
How long is a sheep’s gestation period?
148 days
What is a sheep’s average weening age?
9-12 weeks
How long is a goat’s gestation period?
151 days
What is the most common method of semen collection?
electroejaculation
Why is cervical artificial insemination difficult in ewe?
because of tortuous cervix with cervical rings
How is embryo transfer done?
must be done surgically
What are the stages of parturition?
impending parturition, delivery of neonate, passing of placenta
How long can stage one of parturition last in Ewes?
1-4 hours
How long can stage one of parturition last in Does?
up to 12 hours
What is the most common cause of dystocia?
fetal malposition
Dystocia is common in _______ but uncommon in ___________.
common in sheep, uncommon in goats
What are the procedures to treat dystocia?
mutation by traction, fetotomy, c-section
What is important to neonatal care?
umbilicus and umbilical cord care for first two weeks
What are the primary causes of neonatal deaths?
diarrhea and starvation
What are the most common signs of illness in neonates?
weakness and depression
What are weakness and depression commonly caused by in neonates?
hypoglycemia and hypothermia
What is the dental formula for small ruminants?
2 (I 0/4 C 0/0 PM 3/3 M 3/3) = 32
What vein is most commonly used for blood draws and catheterization?
jugular
How can urine be collected in sheep?
females can be stimulated by holding the nostrils and mouth shut for up to 45 seconds
How can urine be collects in goats?
after lateral recumbency, may urinate when they stand
Why is urinary catheterization difficult in males?
difficult die to the sigmoid flexure and urethral process at end of penis
How are oral medications given?
balling gun, orogastric tube
How much can be given at each IM injection site?
no more than 5ml per site
What muscle is most commonly used for IM injections?
lateral cervical muscle
