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Farm Animal > Equine Clinical Procedure Pt 3 > Flashcards

Equine Clinical Procedure Pt 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the permanent dental formula?

A

2(I 3/3 C0-1/0-1 PM 3-4 M3/3)

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2
Q

In females, what teeth are normally absent?

A

canines usually absent or small, premolar one frequently absent

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3
Q

What are milk teeth?

A

diciduous

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4
Q

What are caps?

A

retained deciduous teeth stuck on top of erupting permanent teeth

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5
Q

What are occlusive tables?

A

chewing surface of the tooth

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6
Q

What is a wolf tooth?

A

first premolar

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7
Q

What is a full mouth?

A

all permanent teeth are erupted, age 5

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8
Q

What are cups?

A

indentation in occlusive table

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9
Q

What is Galvayne’s groove?

A

groove at the gum margin on upper corner incisor

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10
Q

In stallion’s and gelding’s, when do canines erupt?

A

~4 years of age

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11
Q

In stallion’s and gelding’s, what teeth may be absent?

A

wolf teeth (first premolar)

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12
Q

What does floating teeth mean?

A

the removal of enamel points and hooks on upper and lower molars

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13
Q

Why would wolf teeth extractions be necessary?

A

if there are concerns with pain from the horse’s bit

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14
Q

What is a ramp?

A

lower jaw is slightly forward of the upper jaw causing ramps

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15
Q

How is floating done?

A

done with horse sedated and standing

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16
Q

What is the single largest risk for a surgical patient?

A

recovery from general anesthesia

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17
Q

What drugs are used for epidurals?

A

local anesthetic drugs, alpha 2 agonist, opioids

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18
Q

What is the site of injection for epidurals?

A

between first and second coccygeal vertebrae, on dorsal midline

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19
Q

What are some complications with epidurals?

A

risk of ataxia/collapsing if injected further cranially

20
Q

What is proper postoperative care of the patients if sedation was used?

A

withhold food and water until swallowing –> 1-2 hours after swallowing returns, can give hay, grain is started next day

21
Q

What is proper pre-anesthetic prep in foals?

A

3-4 hour fast if on solid foods

22
Q

What is compartment syndrome?

A

poor circulation leads to muscle or nerve tissue damage/death

23
Q

What problems can occur when a patient undergoes anesthesia?

A

trouble or inability to stand after anesthesia

24
Q

How can you prevent compartment syndrome?

A

minimize anesthesia time, use adequate padding, position properly, reduce carbohydrate intake, maintain good systemic blood pressure during anesthesia

25
Q

What is the most common method of induction and maintenance used in the field?

A

induction with injectable drugs/maintain with injectable drugs

26
Q

What method of induction and maintenance is used in short procedure (<1hr)?

A

induction with injectable drugs/maintain with injectable drugs

27
Q

What method of induction and maintenance is used in long procedures (>1hr)?

A

induction with injectable drugs/maintain with gas anesthesia

28
Q

What method of induction and maintenance is only practical in foals?

A

induction with gas anesthesia/maintain with gas anesthesia

29
Q

What is the most commonly used method of tracheal intubation?

A

orotracheal intubation

30
Q

What method of tracheal intubation is primarily used in foals?

A

nasotracheal intubation

31
Q

What are some things to watch for in an anesthetized patient?

A

hypothermia, hypoventilation, hypotension, bradycardia

32
Q

How can you prevent hypotension?

A

IV fluids

33
Q

What should a patient’s HR be while under anesthesia?

A

6-12bpm

34
Q

What is the best way to recover a patient?

A

allow horse to recover in lateral recumbency, staff member should remain with patient until attempts to swallow are observed

35
Q

What are the AAEP’s recommendations on vaccines to give your horse?

A

Rabies, Tetanus, EEE, WEE, VEE, West Nile

36
Q

What is laminitis commonly called?

A

founder

37
Q

What is laminitis?

A

inflammation of the sensitive laminae in the foot

38
Q

What can laminitis cause?

A

may cause coffin bone to rotate hoof

39
Q

What are some clinical signs of laminitis?

A

increased digital pulses, lameness

40
Q

How much weight do horses carry with their front legs?

A

60%

41
Q

What are some treatments for laminitis?

A

correct underlying disease, NSAIDs, special shoeing with padding

42
Q

What is the most common cause of acute lameness?

A

hoof abscess

43
Q

How is a hoof abscess diagnosed?

A

visualization of draining tract

44
Q

What is sweeny (shoulder sweeny)?

A

atrophy of muscles of shoulder secondary to damage to supra scapular nerve

45
Q

What is the treatment for sweeny (shoulder sweeny)?

A

no treatment

46
Q

What is stringhalt?

A

involuntary flexion of the hock

47
Q

What is the treatment for stringhalt?

A

surgery

Farm Animal (23 decks)

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