Equine Clinical Procedure Pt 3 Flashcards
What is the permanent dental formula?
2(I 3/3 C0-1/0-1 PM 3-4 M3/3)
In females, what teeth are normally absent?
canines usually absent or small, premolar one frequently absent
What are milk teeth?
diciduous
What are caps?
retained deciduous teeth stuck on top of erupting permanent teeth
What are occlusive tables?
chewing surface of the tooth
What is a wolf tooth?
first premolar
What is a full mouth?
all permanent teeth are erupted, age 5
What are cups?
indentation in occlusive table
What is Galvayne’s groove?
groove at the gum margin on upper corner incisor
In stallion’s and gelding’s, when do canines erupt?
~4 years of age
In stallion’s and gelding’s, what teeth may be absent?
wolf teeth (first premolar)
What does floating teeth mean?
the removal of enamel points and hooks on upper and lower molars
Why would wolf teeth extractions be necessary?
if there are concerns with pain from the horse’s bit
What is a ramp?
lower jaw is slightly forward of the upper jaw causing ramps
How is floating done?
done with horse sedated and standing
What is the single largest risk for a surgical patient?
recovery from general anesthesia
What drugs are used for epidurals?
local anesthetic drugs, alpha 2 agonist, opioids
What is the site of injection for epidurals?
between first and second coccygeal vertebrae, on dorsal midline
What are some complications with epidurals?
risk of ataxia/collapsing if injected further cranially
What is proper postoperative care of the patients if sedation was used?
withhold food and water until swallowing –> 1-2 hours after swallowing returns, can give hay, grain is started next day
What is proper pre-anesthetic prep in foals?
3-4 hour fast if on solid foods
What is compartment syndrome?
poor circulation leads to muscle or nerve tissue damage/death
What problems can occur when a patient undergoes anesthesia?
trouble or inability to stand after anesthesia
How can you prevent compartment syndrome?
minimize anesthesia time, use adequate padding, position properly, reduce carbohydrate intake, maintain good systemic blood pressure during anesthesia
What is the most common method of induction and maintenance used in the field?
induction with injectable drugs/maintain with injectable drugs
What method of induction and maintenance is used in short procedure (<1hr)?
induction with injectable drugs/maintain with injectable drugs
What method of induction and maintenance is used in long procedures (>1hr)?
induction with injectable drugs/maintain with gas anesthesia
What method of induction and maintenance is only practical in foals?
induction with gas anesthesia/maintain with gas anesthesia
What is the most commonly used method of tracheal intubation?
orotracheal intubation
What method of tracheal intubation is primarily used in foals?
nasotracheal intubation
What are some things to watch for in an anesthetized patient?
hypothermia, hypoventilation, hypotension, bradycardia
How can you prevent hypotension?
IV fluids
What should a patient’s HR be while under anesthesia?
6-12bpm
What is the best way to recover a patient?
allow horse to recover in lateral recumbency, staff member should remain with patient until attempts to swallow are observed
What are the AAEP’s recommendations on vaccines to give your horse?
Rabies, Tetanus, EEE, WEE, VEE, West Nile
What is laminitis commonly called?
founder
What is laminitis?
inflammation of the sensitive laminae in the foot
What can laminitis cause?
may cause coffin bone to rotate hoof
What are some clinical signs of laminitis?
increased digital pulses, lameness
How much weight do horses carry with their front legs?
60%
What are some treatments for laminitis?
correct underlying disease, NSAIDs, special shoeing with padding
What is the most common cause of acute lameness?
hoof abscess
How is a hoof abscess diagnosed?
visualization of draining tract
What is sweeny (shoulder sweeny)?
atrophy of muscles of shoulder secondary to damage to supra scapular nerve
What is the treatment for sweeny (shoulder sweeny)?
no treatment
What is stringhalt?
involuntary flexion of the hock
What is the treatment for stringhalt?
surgery
