Livestock Industry Flashcards
What is the main reason for maintaining animal agriculture?
to maintain a nutritious form of food for human construction
If we didn’t understand agriculture, what would happen?
inadequate food, shelter, and clothing to survive
What production of meat is from agriculture?
22%
What production of milk is from agriculture?
32%
What production of eggs is from agriculture?
24%
What production of poultry products is from agriculture?
41%
What are by-products?
any product produced by animal other than meat
What are some examples of by-products?
organs, fat, bones, glands
What are some medications made from by-products?
insulin, epinephrine, heparin
What are livestock trends driven by?
consumer demand for products, research, and consumer perspective
What is the Veterinary Technicians role in the livestock industry?
to help the vet maintain a safe food supply
What is 20% of livestock income lost to?
parasites, toxins, disease
What is the producer’s goals?
to produce the most product, of the highest quality, at the lowest cost
Why do Vet Techs need to understand livestock production?
in order to understand and implement medical treatment
What is the parlor?
area where cows are milked
What is the most common design of a parlor?
Herringbone
What is the bulk tank?
where milk is stored and cooled
What is measured in bulk tanks?
leukocytes (somatic cells)
What is phase one of the lactation cycle?
parturition triggers milk production
What diseases are common during phase one of the lactation cycle?
metabolic and infectious diseases
How long does phase one of the lactation cycle last?
10-12 weeks
When are heifers typically bred?
50-60 days after calving
What is phase two of the lactation cycle?
peak milk production marks start of phase
How long is phase two of the lactation cycle?
12-24 weeks of lactation
In the lactation cycle, what is the longest phase?
phase three
What is phase three of the lactation cycle?
decline in milk production
How long is phase three of the lactation cycle?
lasts from week 24 until dry off period
What is phase four of the lactation cycle?
dry phase
How long is phase four of the lactation cycle?
lasts 6-8 weeks
What is important during phase four of the lactation cycle?
nutrition is important to prevent problems in phase one
When should teets be washed when milking?
prior to and after milking
What should teets be washed with?
iodine or chlorhexidine
What is grade A?
for liquid consumption - bacterial count <100,000 per ml - no antibiotics detected - no more than 750,000 somatic somatic cells per ml
When are animals at feed lots ready for sale?
growth for sale to meat market usually 4-7 months after entering
Where do the three phases of Pork Production Systems occur?
all phases of production occur on one farm
How are swine raised?
majority of swine are raised n confinement with strict biosecurity measures
What are the eight steps in the slaughter process?
stunning -> hoisting -> sticking -> dehairing/skinning -> dressing/halving -> cooled, graded, then aged
What is the most common way to stun cattle?
captive bolt gun
What is a captive bolt gun?
projecting metal cylinder into frontal lobe of brain
