Equine Diseases Flashcards
What is Botulism also called?
“Shaker Foal Syndrome”
What bacteria causes Botulism?
Clostridium botulinum
How is Botulism transmitted?
usually through ingestion of toxin through contaminated feed
What are the clinical signs of Botulism?
creeping paralysis
What is Canker?
moist pododermatitis of the epidermal tissue of the foot
What are the most common bacteria to cause Canker?
Fusobacterium necrophorum and Bacteroides spp.
What are some clinical signs of Canker?
odor or friable frog, white cottage cheese frog
What is the treatment for Canker?
superficial debridement and topical antimicrobial agents
How is Lyme disease dignosed?
ELISA or immunofluorescent antibody (IFA)
What is the bacteria that causes Potomac Horse Fever?
Neorickettsia risticii
How is Potomac Horse Fever transmitted?
occurs from accidental ingestion of infected fly
How is Potomac Horse Fever diagnosed?
identification of Neorickettsia risticii in blood or feces by culture or PCR
What is the treatment for Potomac Horse Fever?
oxytetracycline, supportive care
What bacteria caused Rain Rot?
Dermatophilus congolensis
What are some clinical signs of Rain Rot?
crusty scabs and matted tufts of hair
What bacteria causes Strangles?
Streptococcus equi
What are some clinical signs of Strangles?
sudden fever, mucopurulent nasal discharge, abscessation of lymph nodes
What are Metastatic strangles/Bastard strangles?
systemic spread of Streptococcus equi
What is the treatment for Strangles?
+/- antibiotic therapy Penicillin, lance and flush daily with povidone-iodine
What bacteria caused Tetanus?
Clostridium tetani
What is the incubation period of Tetanus?
usually 7-10 days
What are some clinical signs of
Tetanus?
“sawhorse” appearance, generalized stiffness, recumbent, dyspnea
What causes Thrush?
Fusobacterium necrophorum - bacterial sometimes fungal
What are some clinical signs of Thrush?
odor, black discharge and lameness
What is the treatment for flush?
trimming affected area and antiseptic application daily
What causes Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM)?
Sarocystis neurona or Neospora hughesi
What are some clinical signs of Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM)?
the 3 A’s - ataxia, asymmetry, atrophy
How is Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM) diagnosed?
necropsy is the only way to confirm
What is Piroplasmosis?
tick borne protozoal disease
What bacteria causes Piroplasmosis?
Babesia equi or Babesia caballi
How is Piroplasmosis diagnosed?
blood smear
What is the treatment for Piroplasmosis?
Imidocarb dipropionate
What is the mortality rate of patients with Piroplasmosis?
10-15%
What is Dermatophytosis also called?
ringworm
What is the most common cause of Dermatophytosis?
Trichophyton equinum
What can cause White Line disease?
bacteria, fungus, yeast
What causes EEE, VEE, and WEE?
equine alphaviruses
How are EEE, VEE, and WEE transmitted?
mosquitos
What are some clinical signs of EEE, VEE, and WEE?
fever, ataxia, paralysis, circling, head pressing
What causes Equine Viral Arteritis?
Equine arteritis virus
What are some clinical signs of Equine Viral Arteritis?
flu-like symptoms, abortion, pneumonia, edema in scrotum and prepuse
What is the primary route of infection of Equine Viral Arteritis?
infected semen
What causes Equine Infectious Anemia?
lentivirus of the retroviridae family
What are some clinical signs of Equine Infectious Anemia?
fever, lethargy, pale MM, anemia
How is Equine Infectious Anemia diagnosed?
Coggins test - agar gel immunodiffusion test (AGID)
What causes Equine Influenza?
Orthomyoxviridae family
What is the incubation period of Equine Influenza?
48 hours
What causes Rhinopneumonitis?
Equine herpesvirus I and IV
What are some clinical signs of Rhinopneumonitis?
mucopurulent nasal discharge, lymphadenopathy, abortion, scrotal edema
How is Rhinopneumonitis diagnosed?
postmortem by PCR
What is the treatment for Rhinopneumonitis?
supportive care
What causes Vesicular Stomatitis?
Rhabdoviridae family
How is Vesicular Stomatitis transmitted?
insects
What are some clinical signs of Vesicular Stomatitis?
white areas on the oral mucosa that rupture into ulcers
What causes West Nile Virus?
Flaviviridae family
How is West Nile Virus transmitted?
mosquitos
What are some clinical signs of West Nile Virus?
low-grade fever, lack of appetite, depression, colic
How are cutaneous papillomas prevented?
avoid contact
Is Heaves (COPD) infectious or non-infectious?
non-infectious
What is Cushing’s disease usually caused by?
pituitary adenoma or hyperplasia
What is the treatment for Cushing’s?
Cyproheptadine or Pergolide mesylate
What is Hirsutism?
funky hair coat due to Cushing’s
What are the types of exertional myopathies?
Equine Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy (EPSM), Recurrent Exertional Rhabdomyolysis, Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis (HPP)
EPSM is _________.
inherited
What are some clinical signs of EPSM?
show signs when exercised after a few days of rest
How is EPSM diagnosed?
clinical signs, CK and AST levels
What are some clinical signs of Recurrent Exertional Rhabdomyolysis?
muscle stiffness, sweating, refusal to move
What stallion is HYPP linked to?
“Impressive”
What are some clinical signs of HYPP?
muscle weakness, twitching
How is HYPP prevented?
potassium limited diets
How is hypothyroidism diagnosed?
CBC, serum chemistry panel, TSH stim test
What is the treatment for melanomas?
surgical removal and Cimetidine
What is roaring?
paralysis of the muscles that control vocal cord tension
What are some clinical signs of roaring?
whistle or wheeze when respiration in increased
What causes Wobbler Syndrome?
compression of the spinal cord in the neck region
What is Rhodococcus equi?
bacteria from soil causing pneumonia in young foals
What are some clinical signs of Rhodococcus equi?
fever, cough, labored breathing, depression
What is the treatment for Rhodococcus equi?
antibiotics (Erythromycin, Clarithromycin)
