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Farm Animal > Equine Diseases > Flashcards

Equine Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What is Botulism also called?

A

“Shaker Foal Syndrome”

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2
Q

What bacteria causes Botulism?

A

Clostridium botulinum

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3
Q

How is Botulism transmitted?

A

usually through ingestion of toxin through contaminated feed

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4
Q

What are the clinical signs of Botulism?

A

creeping paralysis

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5
Q

What is Canker?

A

moist pododermatitis of the epidermal tissue of the foot

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6
Q

What are the most common bacteria to cause Canker?

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum and Bacteroides spp.

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7
Q

What are some clinical signs of Canker?

A

odor or friable frog, white cottage cheese frog

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8
Q

What is the treatment for Canker?

A

superficial debridement and topical antimicrobial agents

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9
Q

How is Lyme disease dignosed?

A

ELISA or immunofluorescent antibody (IFA)

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10
Q

What is the bacteria that causes Potomac Horse Fever?

A

Neorickettsia risticii

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11
Q

How is Potomac Horse Fever transmitted?

A

occurs from accidental ingestion of infected fly

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12
Q

How is Potomac Horse Fever diagnosed?

A

identification of Neorickettsia risticii in blood or feces by culture or PCR

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13
Q

What is the treatment for Potomac Horse Fever?

A

oxytetracycline, supportive care

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14
Q

What bacteria caused Rain Rot?

A

Dermatophilus congolensis

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15
Q

What are some clinical signs of Rain Rot?

A

crusty scabs and matted tufts of hair

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16
Q

What bacteria causes Strangles?

A

Streptococcus equi

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17
Q

What are some clinical signs of Strangles?

A

sudden fever, mucopurulent nasal discharge, abscessation of lymph nodes

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18
Q

What are Metastatic strangles/Bastard strangles?

A

systemic spread of Streptococcus equi

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19
Q

What is the treatment for Strangles?

A

+/- antibiotic therapy Penicillin, lance and flush daily with povidone-iodine

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20
Q

What bacteria caused Tetanus?

A

Clostridium tetani

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21
Q

What is the incubation period of Tetanus?

A

usually 7-10 days

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22
Q

What are some clinical signs of
Tetanus?

A

“sawhorse” appearance, generalized stiffness, recumbent, dyspnea

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23
Q

What causes Thrush?

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum - bacterial sometimes fungal

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24
Q

What are some clinical signs of Thrush?

A

odor, black discharge and lameness

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25
Q

What is the treatment for flush?

A

trimming affected area and antiseptic application daily

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26
Q

What causes Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM)?

A

Sarocystis neurona or Neospora hughesi

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27
Q

What are some clinical signs of Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM)?

A

the 3 A’s - ataxia, asymmetry, atrophy

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28
Q

How is Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM) diagnosed?

A

necropsy is the only way to confirm

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29
Q

What is Piroplasmosis?

A

tick borne protozoal disease

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30
Q

What bacteria causes Piroplasmosis?

A

Babesia equi or Babesia caballi

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31
Q

How is Piroplasmosis diagnosed?

A

blood smear

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32
Q

What is the treatment for Piroplasmosis?

A

Imidocarb dipropionate

33
Q

What is the mortality rate of patients with Piroplasmosis?

A

10-15%

34
Q

What is Dermatophytosis also called?

A

ringworm

35
Q

What is the most common cause of Dermatophytosis?

A

Trichophyton equinum

36
Q

What can cause White Line disease?

A

bacteria, fungus, yeast

37
Q

What causes EEE, VEE, and WEE?

A

equine alphaviruses

38
Q

How are EEE, VEE, and WEE transmitted?

A

mosquitos

39
Q

What are some clinical signs of EEE, VEE, and WEE?

A

fever, ataxia, paralysis, circling, head pressing

40
Q

What causes Equine Viral Arteritis?

A

Equine arteritis virus

41
Q

What are some clinical signs of Equine Viral Arteritis?

A

flu-like symptoms, abortion, pneumonia, edema in scrotum and prepuse

42
Q

What is the primary route of infection of Equine Viral Arteritis?

A

infected semen

43
Q

What causes Equine Infectious Anemia?

A

lentivirus of the retroviridae family

44
Q

What are some clinical signs of Equine Infectious Anemia?

A

fever, lethargy, pale MM, anemia

45
Q

How is Equine Infectious Anemia diagnosed?

A

Coggins test - agar gel immunodiffusion test (AGID)

46
Q

What causes Equine Influenza?

A

Orthomyoxviridae family

47
Q

What is the incubation period of Equine Influenza?

A

48 hours

48
Q

What causes Rhinopneumonitis?

A

Equine herpesvirus I and IV

49
Q

What are some clinical signs of Rhinopneumonitis?

A

mucopurulent nasal discharge, lymphadenopathy, abortion, scrotal edema

50
Q

How is Rhinopneumonitis diagnosed?

A

postmortem by PCR

51
Q

What is the treatment for Rhinopneumonitis?

A

supportive care

52
Q

What causes Vesicular Stomatitis?

A

Rhabdoviridae family

53
Q

How is Vesicular Stomatitis transmitted?

A

insects

54
Q

What are some clinical signs of Vesicular Stomatitis?

A

white areas on the oral mucosa that rupture into ulcers

55
Q

What causes West Nile Virus?

A

Flaviviridae family

56
Q

How is West Nile Virus transmitted?

A

mosquitos

57
Q

What are some clinical signs of West Nile Virus?

A

low-grade fever, lack of appetite, depression, colic

58
Q

How are cutaneous papillomas prevented?

A

avoid contact

59
Q

Is Heaves (COPD) infectious or non-infectious?

A

non-infectious

60
Q

What is Cushing’s disease usually caused by?

A

pituitary adenoma or hyperplasia

61
Q

What is the treatment for Cushing’s?

A

Cyproheptadine or Pergolide mesylate

62
Q

What is Hirsutism?

A

funky hair coat due to Cushing’s

63
Q

What are the types of exertional myopathies?

A

Equine Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy (EPSM), Recurrent Exertional Rhabdomyolysis, Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis (HPP)

64
Q

EPSM is _________.

A

inherited

65
Q

What are some clinical signs of EPSM?

A

show signs when exercised after a few days of rest

66
Q

How is EPSM diagnosed?

A

clinical signs, CK and AST levels

67
Q

What are some clinical signs of Recurrent Exertional Rhabdomyolysis?

A

muscle stiffness, sweating, refusal to move

68
Q

What stallion is HYPP linked to?

A

“Impressive”

69
Q

What are some clinical signs of HYPP?

A

muscle weakness, twitching

70
Q

How is HYPP prevented?

A

potassium limited diets

71
Q

How is hypothyroidism diagnosed?

A

CBC, serum chemistry panel, TSH stim test

72
Q

What is the treatment for melanomas?

A

surgical removal and Cimetidine

73
Q

What is roaring?

A

paralysis of the muscles that control vocal cord tension

74
Q

What are some clinical signs of roaring?

A

whistle or wheeze when respiration in increased

75
Q

What causes Wobbler Syndrome?

A

compression of the spinal cord in the neck region

76
Q

What is Rhodococcus equi?

A

bacteria from soil causing pneumonia in young foals

77
Q

What are some clinical signs of Rhodococcus equi?

A

fever, cough, labored breathing, depression

78
Q

What is the treatment for Rhodococcus equi?

A

antibiotics (Erythromycin, Clarithromycin)

Farm Animal (23 decks)

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