Bovine Husbandry

Question 1

What is a cow?

Answer 1

mature female

Question 2

What is a bull?

Answer 2

mature male

Question 3

What is a steer?

Answer 3

castrated male

Question 4

What is a heifer?

Answer 4

immature female

Question 5

What is a calf?

Answer 5

neonate

Question 6

What is calving?

Answer 6

the act of parturition

Question 7

What is a normal temperature?

Answer 7

100F-102.5F

Question 8

What is a normal pulse rate?

Answer 8

40-80bpm

Question 9

What is a normal respiration rate?

Answer 9

10-30bpm

Question 10

What is a normal bovine adult wt?

Answer 10

varies by breed

Question 11

What type of estrus cycle do bovines have?

Answer 11

year round polyestrous

Question 12

What is the average estrous cycle frequency?

Answer 12

21 days

Question 13

What is the average gestation period?

Answer 13

283 days (276-295 days)

Question 14

What is the average weaning age?

Answer 14

dairy - 3 months
beef - 4-6 months

Question 15

How is AI done?

Answer 15

deposited just beyond cervix in the uterus

Question 16

How long after first sign of impending parturition will a cow give birth?

Answer 16

24-48 hours

Question 17

How long does stage one of parturition last?

Answer 17

6 hours

Question 18

What is stage 2 of parturition?

Answer 18

delivery

Question 19

What is stage 3 of parturition?

Answer 19

expulsion of placenta

Question 20

How long can stage 3 of parturition last?

Answer 20

can last up to 12 hours

Question 21

Calves are susceptible to _____________.

Answer 21

hypothermia

Question 22

Umbilical cords usually ___________________________.

Answer 22

rupture naturally without complications

Question 23

What is the most common congenital defect in cattle?

Answer 23

umbilical hernia

Question 24

When do cattle start nursing?

Answer 24

1-2 hours after birth

Question 25

Dairy cattle produce less ____, so _______________.

Answer 25

less IgG, so calves need more colostrum

Question 26

What is meconium?

Answer 26

first BM, should pass within 24 hours

Question 27

Blood tests are _____ due to ________.

Answer 27

seldom used due to cost

Question 28

What is “calf scours”?

Answer 28

diarrhea

Question 29

What is the most common cause of death in foals with diarrhea?

Answer 29

dehydration and acidosis

Question 30

What is calf pneumonia?

Answer 30

primarily disease of older calves (<4 weeks)

Question 31

Cattle do not have ____________________________.

Answer 31

upper incisor but have a dental pad

Question 32

Where is the Rumen?

Answer 32

left side of cow

Question 33

What is the Rumen?

Answer 33

location of microbial fermentation

Question 34

What are the 4 components of the stomach?

Answer 34

Rumen, Reticulum, Omasum, Abomasum

Question 35

What is the adult dental formula?

Answer 35

2(I 0/3 C 0/1 PM 3/3 M 3/3) = 32 teeth

Question 36

When are energy requirements the greatest?

Answer 36

during lactation

Question 37

What is eructation?

Answer 37

swelling from gas formation causes the cow to belch and release the gas to prevent bloating

Question 38

What is “chewing the cud”?

Answer 38

they regurgitate and rechew their food