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Farm Animal > Bovine Husbandry > Flashcards

Bovine Husbandry Flashcards

1
Q

What is a cow?

A

mature female

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2
Q

What is a bull?

A

mature male

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3
Q

What is a steer?

A

castrated male

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4
Q

What is a heifer?

A

immature female

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5
Q

What is a calf?

A

neonate

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6
Q

What is calving?

A

the act of parturition

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7
Q

What is a normal temperature?

A

100F-102.5F

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8
Q

What is a normal pulse rate?

A

40-80bpm

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9
Q

What is a normal respiration rate?

A

10-30bpm

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10
Q

What is a normal bovine adult wt?

A

varies by breed

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11
Q

What type of estrus cycle do bovines have?

A

year round polyestrous

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12
Q

What is the average estrous cycle frequency?

A

21 days

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13
Q

What is the average gestation period?

A

283 days (276-295 days)

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14
Q

What is the average weaning age?

A

dairy - 3 months
beef - 4-6 months

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15
Q

How is AI done?

A

deposited just beyond cervix in the uterus

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16
Q

How long after first sign of impending parturition will a cow give birth?

A

24-48 hours

17
Q

How long does stage one of parturition last?

A

6 hours

18
Q

What is stage 2 of parturition?

A

delivery

19
Q

What is stage 3 of parturition?

A

expulsion of placenta

20
Q

How long can stage 3 of parturition last?

A

can last up to 12 hours

21
Q

Calves are susceptible to _____________.

A

hypothermia

22
Q

Umbilical cords usually ___________________________.

A

rupture naturally without complications

23
Q

What is the most common congenital defect in cattle?

A

umbilical hernia

24
Q

When do cattle start nursing?

A

1-2 hours after birth

25
Q

Dairy cattle produce less ____, so _______________.

A

less IgG, so calves need more colostrum

26
Q

What is meconium?

A

first BM, should pass within 24 hours

27
Q

Blood tests are _____ due to ________.

A

seldom used due to cost

28
Q

What is “calf scours”?

A

diarrhea

29
Q

What is the most common cause of death in foals with diarrhea?

A

dehydration and acidosis

30
Q

What is calf pneumonia?

A

primarily disease of older calves (<4 weeks)

31
Q

Cattle do not have ____________________________.

A

upper incisor but have a dental pad

32
Q

Where is the Rumen?

A

left side of cow

33
Q

What is the Rumen?

A

location of microbial fermentation

34
Q

What are the 4 components of the stomach?

A

Rumen, Reticulum, Omasum, Abomasum

35
Q

What is the adult dental formula?

A

2(I 0/3 C 0/1 PM 3/3 M 3/3) = 32 teeth

36
Q

When are energy requirements the greatest?

A

during lactation

37
Q

What is eructation?

A

swelling from gas formation causes the cow to belch and release the gas to prevent bloating

38
Q

What is “chewing the cud”?

A

they regurgitate and rechew their food

Farm Animal (23 decks)

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