Equine Clinical Procedure Pt 2 Flashcards
What are some veins used for blood draws?
cephalic vein, coccygeal vein, jugular vein, lateral thoracic vein, saphenous vein
What needle size should be used for jugular blood draws?
20g needle
What are some urine collection methods?
cystocentesis not feasible in large animal
free catch/voided sample or urinary catheter
When should you catch a urine sample?
catch mid stream because initial stream has more mucus and cell debris
When is a urinary catheter used?
accepted method of collection when antimicrobial testing is needed (culture)
What is a normal finding in a horse’s urine?
calcium carbonate crystals are common and normal
What do calcium carbonate crystals look like?
circular with radial striations and smooth surfaces
How much stool is used for fecal examination?
same amount as small animal (walnut size)
How is an abdominocentesis done?
obtained at lowest (most dependent point on the abdomen usually on midline, fluid is obtained by gravity
How is a horse prepped for an abdominocentesis?
sterile skin prep
What is an arthrocentesis?
joint tap, obtain synovial fluid from joint
Arthrocentesis is a ________________.
sterile procedure
What is important during an arthrocentesis?
restraint because movement can cause needle to damage/break off in joint, chemical restraint may be necessary
Why is a thoracentesis done?
left and right pleural space communicate but disease can block that communication and cause one side to build up fluid
What should be used during thoracentesis to prevent causing pneumothorax (air around lungs)?
3-way stop cock
What is a transtracheal aspiration?
process of “washing” the material from the trachea lumen
What are the benefits of endoscopic exams?
visualize the airway, noninvasive
What are the disadvantages of endoscopic exams?
contamination from passage through the upper airway
What is bronchoalveolar lavage?
endoscope or tubing is passed as far into lower airway as possible instead of stopping in trachea
What are the advantages of nasogastric intubation?
reliable delivery of entire dose of medications
What are the disadvantages of nasogastric intubation?
nosebleeds
How is a nasogastric tube secured?
person holding horse needs to hold tube secure in place to stop tube from sliding into trachea
What is an enema?
commonly given to foals to help pass impacted meconium
not commonly used in large animals
What is smegma?
a thick, foul smelling, dark-colored material that may accumulate on prepuce/penis
What are “beans”?
hardened, round smegma balls
What can “beans” do?
can compress the urethra making urination difficult and painful
What is “sheath cleaning”?
routine cleaning needed to prevent smegma and “beans”
How is the nasolacrimal duct flushed?
can be flushed from the eye (lacrimal puncta) or the nose (distal puncta) but nasal opening is easier
What two systems are used for ocular injuries?
subpalpebral lavage system or nasolacrimal lavage system
What should be done for subpalpebral lavage?
sedation required and nerve blocks performed
What is sinocentesis?
making a small hole through bone into sinus
What is trephining?
making large diameter hole through the bone into sinus by removing a piece of bone
