SLK 320 Sem test 1

Question 1

define critical psychology

Answer 1

a psychological orientation that is made up of diverse theoretical perspectives and forms of practice

Question 2

How do you grasp critical psychology

Answer 2

getting a sense of it’s agenda’s and functioning across a spread of theories and practices

Question 3

what are the 3 points of focus in critical psychology
TCP

Answer 3

theoretical resources
questions of south african context
forms of practice

Question 4

the 3 points of focus correlate to 3 vital domains of critical activity/ critique. What are they?
EED

Answer 4

• an emphasis on the value of different modes of conceptualisation
• an eye for specificity
• the drive to convert critical sensibilities into a kind of critical response/reaction

Question 5

Theoretical resources demonstrates 3 things about psychology, what are they?

Answer 5

Ideology
Oppression
Eurocentric

Question 6

what does the focus section on ‘questions of South African context’ look at?

Answer 6

concerns relevant to the Southern African/third world situation

Question 7

the focus section of ‘forms of practice’ aims to make psychology… (3)

Answer 7

more politically responsive
more active in challenging authority structures
more active in responding to grassroots needs in South Africa

Question 8

what 4 things does the focus section of ‘forms of practice’ include explanations of
TAPD

Answer 8

The emotional components of community psychology
Activity theory
Participatory action research
Discourse analysis

Question 9

what are the 6 key themes/concerns in critical psychology
PoPsPoPsDW

Answer 9

1- Power and psychology
2- Psychology as ideological
3- Politics of knowledge and subjectivity
4- Psychology as a powerful form of knowledge
5- Depoliticizing experience
6- Ways of knowing ourselves

Question 10

Define Ideology

Answer 10

the ways in which meaning serves to create and sustain relations of power and domination

Question 11

what are the 2 ways, according to Hence Hayes, of addressing the issue of ideology in psychology

Answer 11

On a critical basis
On a substantive basis

Question 12

define Critical Dimension

Answer 12

The knowledge claims and the ontological status of psychology as a science.

Question 13

define substantive dimension

Answer 13

The operations of ideology at the level of the individual

Question 14

what are the 2 inclusions of the critical dimension of psychology regarding ideology

Answer 14

The knowledge of claims and the ontological status of psychology as a science
Interrogating psychology as a particular politics of knowledge

Question 15

what are the 2 inclusions of the substantive dimension of psychology regarding ideology

Answer 15

The operations of ideology at the level of the individual
Engaging psychology as a particular politics of subjectivity

Question 16

what are the 4 aspects of knowledge that critical psychology is concerned with
BNTS

Answer 16

Based on an objective
Neutral “knowing” of the world
That thus sells itself as truth
Seemingly scientific

Question 17

Define imperialism

Answer 17

knowledge that is produced in the 1st world and is generalised to all contexts, including 3rd world countries

Question 18

define psychological imperialism

Answer 18

the knowledges of psychology are exclusionary (they exclude a lot of people in their attentions and priorities)

Question 19

Define psychopolitics

Answer 19

the explicit politicisation of the psychological

Question 20

define liberation psychology

Answer 20

questions of the psychological processes, dynamics, etc through which people may escape from particular power structures of oppression and exploitation

Question 21

what are the 2 important broad conceptualisations of critical psychology that are 2 of its most important responsibilities

Answer 21

the engagement and critique of the power of psychology
the psychological engagement and critique of power

Question 22

Define psychological reductionism

Answer 22

Theory that oversimplifying human behaviour or cognitive processes neglects to explain the complexities of the mind

Question 23

Define self-contained individualism

Answer 23

traditional psychological view in which the self is regarded as a bounded, autonomous entity and defined in terms of its internal attributes

Question 24

Define collectivist self

Answer 24

a view of the self in which the self is context-based, defined in terms of one’s relationships with others (non-western culture)

Question 25

Define cultural psychology

Answer 25

the study of the way cultural traditions and social practices regulate, express, and transform the human psyche resulting in less psychic unity

Question 26

Define psychic unity

Answer 26

assumption that human beings are all the same

Question 27

Define objective knowledge

Answer 27

notion that knowledge is not supposed to be affected by the knower's values and meanings

Question 28

What 3 things are involved in the construction of meanings

Answer 28

the meaning the processes the transactions

Question 29

Define lived experience

Answer 29

refers to real life, as opposed to laboratory or hypothetical experiences

Question 30

Define indigenous psychologies

Answer 30

the cultural views, theories, classifications, assumptions, and metaphors which bear on psychological topics

Question 31

what are the 3 levels that indigenisation can occur at

Answer 31

Structural level Substantive level Theoretical level

Question 32

what is the structural level of indigenisation

Answer 32

the nation's organisational and institutional capabilities to produce and spread relevant knowledge

Question 33

What is the substantive level of indigenisation

Answer 33

applying psychology to address national policy issues

Question 34

what is the theoretical level of indigenisation

Answer 34

seeks to develop conceptual frameworks and metatheories that are consistent with the sociocultural experiences, worldviews, and goals of the people in question

Question 35

Define acculturation

Answer 35

Modification of the culture group of a group or individual as a result of contact with different culture

Question 36

Define Panacea

Answer 36

kind of remedy/cure for diseases, ailments, problems, etc (a kind of 'cure all')

Question 37

Define worldview

Answer 37

a set of basic assumptions that a group of people develops in order to explain reality and their place and purpose in the world

Question 38

what 4 things does our worldview shape WAVO

Answer 38

Way we think and behave Attitudes Values Opinions

Question 39

What are the 4 components of our worldview PATT

Answer 39

People-natured orientation Activity orientation Time orientation The relational operation

Question 40

Define the people-natured orientation

Answer 40

this dimension answers the question of 'how is the relationship of people to nature to be understood?'

Question 41

Define the activity orientation

Answer 41

this dimensions answers the question of 'what is the preferred mode of human activity?'

Question 42

Define the time orientation

Answer 42

A culture may emphasise history and tradition, the here and now, or the distant future

Question 43

define the relational orientation

Answer 43

concerned with how the self is defined in relation to the other and the environment

Question 44

Define metaphysics

Answer 44

a branch of philosophy that is concerned with our conceptions of reality, position in the universe, and our relation to others and the environment

Question 45

what are the 4 interdependent philosophical assumptions bearing directly on psychological topics HPCN

Answer 45

Hierarchy of beings Principle of cosmic unity Communal view of personhood Notion of vitality

Question 46

define the intermediate world

Answer 46

the level in the hierarchy of being in African metaphysics that consists of human beings

Question 47

According to Ngubane, what are the 2 divisions of the world of the ancestors

Answer 47

The world of the recently deceased The world of integrated ancestors

Question 48

Define integrated ancestors

Answer 48

Ancestors who are capable of communicating with God on behalf of their relatives, and for whom rituals are performed

Question 49

Define holistic/holism

Answer 49

account of the world in which everything is interconnected in such a way that elements of the whole are contained in each part

Question 50

Define life force

Answer 50

refers to the energy or power that is the essence of all phenomena, material and immaterial

Question 51

what 4 things is God's power manifested in? CCHB

Answer 51

Changing seasons Cycles of Nature Human achievements Birth

Question 52

Define Teleology

Answer 52

seeks to explain the universe in terms of final causes (Greek Telos= end and Logos=discourse)

Question 53

Define cosmic unity

Answer 53

The idea that there is a connection between God, Izinyanya, animals, plants and inanimate objects. Withing this system, everything is perpetually in motion, influencing and being influenced by something else

Question 54

Define the holistic worldview of life

Answer 54

one cannot look at individual units in isolation from their context

Question 55

Define separate knowing

Answer 55

A sceptical, distanced and impartial stance. Adverse and argumentative stance to new ideas

Question 56

Define connected knowing

Answer 56

tries to accommodate new ideas, searching for what is right even in what might initially appear to be wrong

Question 57

Define Atomistic

Answer 57

Consisting of many separate, diverse, or disparate elements

Question 58

Define totem

Answer 58

animal, plant, or natural object that serves among traditional peoples as the emblem of a clan or family

Question 59

Define psychopolitics

Answer 59

critical awareness of the role that political factors play within the domain of the psychological

Question 60

what are the 2 things that psychopolitics is an understanding of?

Answer 60

How politics impacts upon the psychological How a personal psychology may be the level at which politics is internalised

Question 61

what are the 3 purposes of Fanon's psychological descriptions SUE

Answer 61

to Subject such forms of power to critique to Understand them better to Effectively challenge them

Question 62

Define the psycho-existential complex

Answer 62

Psychic conflict about the existence of the individual person (free determining agent determining their own development through acts of will) leading to abnormal mental states

Question 63

Define trans-historical

Answer 63

Across all historical settings

Question 64

Fanon tracks the implications of wanting to be white over which 4 domains BLSD

Answer 64

Behaviour Language Sexuality Dreams

Question 65

Define Neurosis

Answer 65

emotional disorder that manifests at the level of personality, which stems from the conflict between a fundamental impulse or wish and the need to repress this instinct

Question 66

Define psychoneurosis

Answer 66

Relatively mild mental illness NOT caused by organic disease that involves symptoms of stress but not a radical loss of touch with reality

Question 67

Define neurosis of blackness

Answer 67

'dream of turning white' as it comes into conflict with one's being in a black body, and in a racist society, which makes this wish impossible

Question 68

Define Register

Answer 68

Particular vocabulary/conceptual framework stemming from a particular school of thought

Question 69

Define reify

Answer 69

Speaking about concepts as if they are really existing concrete objects

Question 70

Define Catharsis

Answer 70

psychological process where distressing or damaging emotional material is rid of via the means of an activity that externalises it.

Question 71

Define collective catharsis

Answer 71

Catharsis as it happens on a mass social level

Question 72

Define scapegoating

Answer 72

projection of blame onto another person or object, who then becomes blameworthy or punishable

Question 73

Define projection

Answer 73

process by which specific aspects of self, or certain wishes or impulses, are imagined to be located in something or someone else.

Question 74

which 2 figurative terms did Fanon develop to dramatize the strength of the 2-way relationship between psyche and society

Answer 74

Internalisation Epidermalization

Question 75

Define internalisation

Answer 75

the process by which external, sociohistorical reality is assimilated into 'internal' and subjective reality

Question 76

Define Epidermalization

Answer 76

used to underscore the profound transformation of economic inferiority to subjective inferiority

Question 77

What are the 2 basic psychoanalytic notions

Answer 77

Phobic object Ambivalence

Question 78

Define phobic object

Answer 78

thing or person causing irrational feelings of dread, fear and hate

Question 79

Define phobogenic

Answer 79

fear-causing person or object

Question 80

Define paranoid anxiety

Answer 80

irrational, yet consistent belief that one is being systematically undermined, persecuted or attacked by a 'bad' object, that is a person, group or thing which intends to do me damage

Question 81

Define collective unconscious

Answer 81

idea that all human beings share a supply of innate ideas or archetypes that are genetically supplied, universal, and can be spontaneously produced in the symbolism of different cultures and times

Question 82

Define archetypes

Answer 82

universal motifs or patterns that form the collective unconsciousness. They make up the shared basic contents of religions, mythologies, legends, etc and they can also feature in individual dreams and fantasies

Question 83

Define Negro myth

Answer 83

Racist system of representations and values in which the figure of the black man/woman comes to stand as a repository, a figure in whom whites come to symbolise all their lower emotions and baser inclinations.

Question 84

Define European collective unconscious

Answer 84

Fanons adaptation of the Jungian notion of the collective unconscious such that it is not dependent on cerebral hereditary but is rather the result of the imposition of a culture, is purely and simply the sum of prejudices, myths and collective attitudes of a given group

Question 85

Define Manichean thinking

Answer 85

approach to culture in which all values and concepts are split into binary opposites, one that is positive (white) and one that is negative (black)