SLK 320 Exam- Crit Flashcards
Define psychopolitics
Awareness of the role that political factors play within the domain of the psychological
What are the 2 things that psychopolitics is an understanding of
How politics impacts the psychological
How personal psychology may be the level at which politics is internalised
What are the 3 objectives of Fanon’s analysis of the ‘psychic life of the colonial encounter’
SUE
Subject such forms of power to critique
Understand them better
Effectively challenge them
What 3 things does Fanon look to in accordance with the psychoanalytic theory regarding the dream of turning white
PUA
Personality of the colonised
Underlying desire that motivates the dreams
Actions of the colonised
The desire to be white is an outcome of what 3 things
RES
Real material
Economic, cultural and sociopolitical conditions
Specific configuration of power
Fanon tracks the implications of wanting to be white over what 4 domains
LSBD
Language
Sexuality
Behaviour
Dreams
Define neurosis
an emotional disordermwhich stems from the conflict between a fundamental impulse or wish and the need to repress this instinct
Define Neurosis of blackness
the dream of turning white caused by being in a black body in a racist society
what should one look into when identifying the cause of neurotic distrubances
Childhood history or infantile trauma
Define catharsis
psychological process where distressing or damaging material is rid of via an activity that externalises it
Define collective catharis
Catharsis on a mass social level
Define scapegoating
projection of blame onto another person or object who then becomes blameworthy or punishable
Define projection
when specific aspects of the self are imagined to be located in something/someone else.
Define symptoms
An irrational action which is a compromise between the need to express a repressed wish and the need to keep this wish repressed
which 2 figuritive terms were developed to dramatize the strength of the 2 way relationship between psyche and society
Internalisation and epidermalization
Define internalisation
the process where reality is understod as internal and subjective
Define epidermalization
emphasizes the transformation from economic inferiority to subjective inferiority
What are the 2 basic psychoanalytic notions
Phobic object and ambivalence
Define phobic object
Thing or person causing irrational feelings of dread, fear or hate
Define phobogenic
fear-causing person or object
Define ambivalence
the state of having mixed feelings or contradictory ideas about something or someone
Define paranoid anxiety
the irrational and persistent feeling that people are ‘out to get you’ or that you are the subject of persistent, intrusive attention by others
Define collective unconscious
the idea that all human beings share a supply of innate ideas or achetypes that are genetically supplied and universal
Define archetypes
universal motifs or patterns that form the collective unconscious
Define the negro myth
a racist system of beliefs whereby white people believe black people symbolise all their lower emotions.
Define racial distribution of guilt
racist cultural practices of scapegoating the racial other, of attempting to achieve a sense of superiority through the inferiorisation of another
Define manichean thinking
an approach to culture where everything is split into binary opposites- positive (white) and negative (black)
what 3 things are suggested by manichean thinking that reinforces racism
that 2 such groups are…MES
Mutually opposed
Effectively unbridgeable
So different to one another
What is the local level challenge of developing a south african psychology of gender
Representing indigenous experiences of gender development and identities
What is the critical challenge of developing a south african psychology of gender
it problematises the construction of gender difference and equality
Define heterosexist
Assumption that all sexuality refers to heterosexual practices and it is normal for these practices are between men and women
Define homophobia
Rejection of homosexual practices and life styles
Define unitary sexual character
the idea that masculinity and feminity exist as a collection of traits, roles, abilities and temperaments which are embedded in individual men and women
the notion of unitary gender identitity ignores what 2 factors
the diversity of gendered experience across social identity
It fixes individuals to a singular experience of their own gender
Define difference discourse
the depiction of gender as difference (biological or social)
define feminism
a large body of work that explores women’s sub-ordination in male-dominated societies
Define androcentric
a discipline or practice that is centred around men and masculinity
Define socialisation
a focus on gender roles and gender stereotypes
Define androgyny
term used to describe a personality characterised by a good balance of traditionally male and female attributes
Define the scalar/androgyny model
hypethesises a continuum of gender from dominant male to dominant female characteristics
Define alpha bias
representations of gender that see huge differences between males and females, and that often idealise these perceived differences
Define beta bias
representations of gender that see few differences between males and femlaes
What is the issue with the alpha bias
it exaggerates the differences between men and women thus justifying unequal treatment
What is the issue with the beta bias
it de-emphasises differences between men and women therefore not allowing for the special needs of women
define pathologisation
the act of wrongly considering something/someone as a problem
Define post-structuralist
a paradigm shift from structuralist thinking to an acknowledgement of the shifting, fluid relationship between things
Define post-modern
a complex term referring to both a period of time and a theoretical paradigm
which 3 contemporary theoretical fields have spurred a challenge to the conceptual binarism inherent in the concept of gender
QPF
Queer theory
Post-structuralism
Feminism
Define queer theory
theoretical thinking that is critical of traditional notions of gender, sex and sexuality
what 5 thing have been overly emphasized about women
MMBFP
Movements
Manner of dress
Body size and shape
Facial characteristics
Presentation
Define performativity
the notion that we create our genders by doing them
“the understanding that the subject is fragmented, constituted through multiple axes of power and identity is important”
What 7 locations of identity are included in this?
SSRRACE
Sexuality
Structure objectivity
Race
Religion
Age
Class
Ethnicity
Define signification/signifier/signified
the use of signs or signifiers (spoken/written words) to make meaning of the world through the representation of concepts or ideas
Define liberation psychology
questions of the psychological processes, dynamics, capacities and practices through which people may achieve liberation and escape from oppression and exploitation
what are the 3 central arguments of liberation psychology
DLA
there are different sites and forms of oppression
there are links between large scale processes
there are always possibilities of revolt or resistance of the prevailing social order but the resistance is uneven and slow
what are the 3 central concerns of liberation psychology
NIQ
Nature of social formations
Issues of psychological subjectivity
Questions of power
Define hegemonic orders
divison and hierarchy become taken for granted, assumed, unproblematic and seen as legitimate
According to Moane, what are the 6 processes involved in the establishment and maintenance of domination
VPESCF
Violence
Political exclusion
Economic exploitation
Sexual exploitation
Control of culture
Fragmentation
what are the 3 narratives posed by ideology that maintain domination
What is the case
what is good/bad
what is possible/impossible
the use of the narrative “what is the case” creates what in an ideological society
a sense of inevitability
the use of the narrative “what is good/bad” creates what in an ideological society
a sense of submission or yielding to the wishes/opinions of others
the use of the narrative “what is possible/impossible” creates what in an ideological society
a sense of resignation or pessimistic view
define interpellation
ideological process of hailing, recognising or calling a person and when they respond, they are positioned as a subject
Define dialects
knowing the truth through overcoming the contradictions in an argument
define subjectification
positioning of persons as subjects where they have a speaking voice and an active role to play but within the structures or concerns of a particular form of power
new knowledge and disciplines emerged through pastoral power. These new knowledges operated through disciplinary means involving the following 6 aspects…
SSDGWT
Setting of norms
Standards
Discourses
Guidelines
Warnings
Techniques of surveillance
what 2 forms of power should we be alert to manufacturing subjectivities
One where we are subject to someone else’s control, shaping and dependence
The Foucauldian view
Define the Faulcadian view
power is more pervasive, subtle, is impossible to break free of, but which may be transformed in terms of new power/knowledge and new relations of subjectivities
in the views of individual-social dualism, what are the 3 tasks of liberation psychology
TIE
Throw off the shackles of society
Increase the search for our authentic inner selves
Extend the choices and liberties of individuals
what is individual-social dualism
sees indivuals and society as separate, opposing entities
what 4 things do people need for emancpation to be possible
AONI
Alternatives
Other social values
New ideals
Images of a better social order
Modernity, in adddition to discoveries and achievements, has also produced what 4 things
PPRE
Potential threats
Possibilities for mass human destruction
Risks of all sorts
Environmental degradation
what are 7 of the psychological consequences of modernism
AAAAFID
Anxieties
Addictions
Alienation
Anomie
Fear
Insecurity
Dehumanisation
What are 7 of the techniques of resistance produced by modernity
SSSSPMB
Strikes
Sit-ins
Self-help groups
Slogans
Protests
Marches
Boycotts
Define social constructionism
Paradigm of knowledge based on the idea that events, objects and selves dont have pre-given reality but form through the language we use to describe them
Define meta narrative
privileged form of explanation that is treated as superior to all others in its explanatory abilities
what is the 2 fold kernal of the social constructionist position
It has a critical agenda
It has a epistemological agender
Define anti-essentialism
an approach to subjectivity that says people are not fixed, predetermined or unchangable
Define authoritarianism
Tendency to submit willingly yo strong authority figures above and to act pinitively towards weaker groups below
Define ethnocentrism
Belief in the superiority of ones own ethnic group
Define the social identity theory
Sees both individual processes and social processes as operative in the formation of social identities
Define the social dominance theory
Claims dominance is driven by 3 main processes
What are the 3 main processes that the social dominance theory claims that dominance is driven by
AAB
Aggregated individual discrimination
Aggregated institutional discrimination
Behavioural asymmetry
Define social dominance orientation
People favour hierarchically structured and non-egalitarian relationships between groups
The social dominance orientation varies in terms of what 4 factors
DSTG
Dominant group members are likely to be higher
Socialisation issues (education, religion, personal)
Temperamental predispositions (empathy)
Gender
What are the 3 major forms of psychological defense and identity development among oppressed people
CRR
Capitulation
Revitalisation
Radicalisation
What are the 4 consequential themes of cogent integration of views on the psychological consequences of oppression as proposed by Moane
SEMI
Subjectivity
Emotional expression
Mental health issues
Intragroup relations
What are the 2 issues associated with opporession
The relational aspect of oppression
Consequences for the oppressors
What are the 3 consequences for oppressors that implicate psychological patterns
NPD
Nero complex
Processes of dehumanisation and objectification
Denial
Define nero complex
obsessive preoccupation with establishing legitimacy and justification for one’s acts and oneself, accompanied by delusions of arrogance, entitlement and narcissism
what are the 4 forms of denial
JORD
Justification
Outright denial
Renaming and retelling
Discrediting the source and method of report
Define jingoism
Extreme types of nationalism characterised by both fierce patriotism and an aggressive attitude to other countries or nationalities
What are 6 of the features of jungoism
BANSDD
Bizarre reasoning
Arrogance
No empathy for the other
Self-deceit
Denial
Dishonesty
What is the big five of emancipation
PPECE
Political oppression
Patriarchy
Economic exploitation
Cultural imperialism
Ecological destruction
Define habitus
a mediating link between objective social structures and individual action
