KRM 310 Exam Flashcards
define investigative psychology
the application of psychological research and principles to the investigation of criminal behaviour
define profiling
process of identifying personality traits, behavioural tendencies, and demographic variables of an offender based on characteristics of the crime
what are the 2 approaches to profiling
clinical and actuarial
what is the clinical approach to profiling
it is case focused and tries to deduce characteristics of an offender from the analysis of evidence gathered from a specific crime/ series of crimes
also hopes of predict if/when the offender will strike again
what is the actuarial approach to profiling
concentrates on a database gathered from groups of offenders who have committed similar crimes or engaged in similar incidents
what are the 5 categories of profiling
SCEPG
Suspect-based profiling
Crime scene profiling
Equivocal death analysis
Psychological profiling
Geographical profiling
what is suspect-based profiling
identifying the psychological and behavioural features of persons who may commit a particular crime
what is the downside to suspect-based profiling
racial or ethnic profiling
what is crime scene profiling
identifying personality traits, behavioural patterns, geographic habits, cognitive tendencies, and demographic features of an unknown offender based on characteristics of the crime
define personation/signature
any behaviour that goes beyond what is necessary to commit the crime
define staging
the intentional alteration of a crime scene prior to the arrival of the police
what are the 2 reasons for staging
To redirect the investigation away from the most logical suspect
To protect the victim or their family
define undoing
a behavioural pattern found at the scene in which the offender tries to psychologically undo the murder
define equivocal death analysis
a postmortem psychological analysis- a reconstruction of the emotional life, behavioural patterns, and cognitive features of a deceased person.
what are the 3 classifications of crime scenes and offenders
organized
disorganized
mixed
define case linkage analysis (CLA)
a form of offender profiling that ties one individual to two or more similar crimes
what are the 3 basic flaws in modern-day profiling
The assumption that human behaviour is consistent across a variety of different situations
The assumption that offense style or evidence gathered at the scene is directly related to specific personality characteristics
Confirmation bias
define confirmation bias
police investigators will interpret the ambiguous info contained within the report to fit their own biases and hunches about the case/suspect
define psychological profiling
an assessment practice designed to help in the identification and prediction of behaviour in known individuals
what are the 2 basic approaches to psychological profiling
threat assessment
risk assessment
define geographical profiling
a technique that can help locate where a serial offender resides, or other geographical locations that serve as a base of operations.
what does CGT stand for
Criminal Geographic Targeting program
what does the CGT do
it generates a 3D map that assigns statistical probabilities to various areas that seem to fall into the offender’s territory
define terrorism
the unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, due to political or social objectives