Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

3rd Year > KRM 310 Sem test 2 > Flashcards

KRM 310 Sem test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what are just-worlders

A

people that believe that the world is a just place where people get what they deserve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the 2 tracks of the just-world theory

A

Beliefs in general just-world
Beliefs in personal just-world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what should a scientific theory of crime provide

A

a general explanation that encompasses and connects many different social, economic, and psychological variables to criminal behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the process of theory testing called

A

theory verification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

define theory falsification

A

the end result of theory testing proposition not verified

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

define classical theory

A

the theoretical thinking, which emphasizes free will as a hallmark of human behaviour. it says that individuals are their own masters of their fate, free will and freedom of choice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

define deterrence theory

A

people will avoid committing crime if the punishment is great enough (the modern form of the classical theory)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

define positivist theory

A

free will cannot be the major explanation for our behaviour. Antecedents determine how we will act and human behaviour is governed by casual laws

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the 3 major perspectives on human nature

A

Conformity
Nonconformist
Learning perspective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

describe conformity as a perspective on human nature

A

views humans as creatures who want to do the right thing, they are influenced by the values and attitudes of society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the strain theory and who proposed it

A

Merton (a conformity theory)
members of a society desire what other members of the society desire and strain occurs when there is a discrepancy between the materialistic values and the availability of the means for reaching these goals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

describe nonconformity as a perspective on human nature

A

human beings are undisciplined creatures who, without the constraints of the rules and regulations of a society, would disregard society’s conventions and commit crime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the social control theory and who proposed it

A

Hirschi (a nonconformity theory)
crime and delinquency occur when an individual’s ties to the conventional order are weak or nonexistent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

describe the learning perspective as a perspective on human nature

A

human beings are born neutral and subject to developmental changes throughout their life course. humans learn all their behaviour, beliefs, and tendencies from the social environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the social learning theory and who proposed it

A

Bandura (a learning perspective theory)
Imitation of models and reinforcements one gain’s from one’s behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the differential association theory and who proposed it

A

Sutherland (a learning perspective theory)
Criminal behaviour is learned through social interactions with other people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the 3 disciplinary perspective of criminology

A

Sociological
Psychological
Psychiatric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the 4 approaches of psychological criminology
CBDD

A

Cognitive approach
Biological/neurological approach
Developmental approach
Dispositions or traits; profiling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the 2 reasons for aggression

A

To defend the self, family or territory
As a response to aggressive models and actions from society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the 2 types of aggression

A

Hostile/expressive aggression
Instrumental/proactive aggression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is hostile/expressive aggression

A

impulsive and spontaneous aggression in response to provocation and threat. offenders goal is to make victim suffer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is instrumental/proactive aggression

A

planned and used as a tool for a specific purpose/to obtain a goal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are the 4 components of violence
HUNI

A

Harmful
Unwanted
Non-essential
Intentional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are the 9 theoretical perspectives on aggression
EECAPSDFW

A

Ethological viewpoints
Excitation transfer theory
Cognitive-neoassociation model
Aggressive driving and road rage
Psychoanalytic/dynamic viewpoint
Social learning factors
Displaced aggression theory
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Weapons effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the 4 cognitive models of aggression
CHIG

A

Cognitive scripts model
Hostile attribution model
I^3 theory of aggression
General aggression model (GAM)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what are the 3 I’s of the I^3 theory of aggression

A

Instigating trigger
Impelling forces
Inhibiting forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is overt aggression

A

direct confrontation with victims and the administration/threats of physical harm

28
Q

what is covert aggression

A

no direct confrontation and relies on concealment, dishonesty, or hiding aggressive behaviour and nefarious intent

29
Q

define reactive aggression

A

violence as a response to provocation or an unanticipated occurrence

30
Q

define proactive aggression

A

actions undertaken to obtain a specific goal

31
Q

what 3 social-cognitive structures have long-term relations been ascribed to acquisition through observation learning

A

Schemas about a hostile world
Scripts for social problem-solving that focus on aggression
Normative beliefs that aggression is acceptable

32
Q

what are the 2 types of copycats

A

School-shooter copycats
Copycat terrorist (domestic)

33
Q

define psychopath

A

a person who demonstrates a discernable cluster of psychological, interpersonal, and neurophysiological features that distinguish that person from the general population

34
Q

what are the 3 categories of psychopaths

A

Primary
Secondary
Dyssocial

35
Q

define antisocial personality disorder

A

a disorder characterised by continuous behaviour in which the rights of others are violated

36
Q

what are the 3 features of antisocial personality disorder

A

Repetitive lying
Impulsiveness
Disregard for the safety of others

37
Q

what are 6 other principle traits of psychopaths
SSIIAA

A

Semantic aphasia
Selfish
Impulsive
Inability to show love and affection
Absence of guilt and remorse
Ability to manipulate

38
Q

what does PCL-R stand for

A

Psychopathy Checklist

39
Q

what is the PCL-R

A

a 20-item checklist used to measure psychopathy where each item is rated 0-2.
it assesses the emotional, interpersonal, behavioural, and social deviance facets of psychopathy from various sources

40
Q

define factor analysis

A

a mathematical procedure used to make sense of a vast array of variables

41
Q

what are the 3 different kinds of positions relating to psychopathy

A

2-factor position
3-factor position
4-factor position

42
Q

what are the 2 factors included in the 2-factor position

A

1- Interpersonal and emotional components
2- Socially deviant or antisocial lifestyle

43
Q

what are the 3 factors included in the 3 factor position

A

1- Interpersonal and emotional components
2- Socially deviant or antisocial lifestyle
3- the emotional, shallowness, callousness, and lack of empathy characteristics

44
Q

what are the 4 factors included in the 4 factor position

A

1- Interpersonal and emotional components
2- Socially deviant or antisocial lifestyle
3- the emotional, shallowness, callousness, and lack of empathy characteristics
4- antisocial behaviour

45
Q

what are the 3 dimensions of the Triarchic psychopathy model (TriPM)

A

Meanness
Disinhibition
Boldness

46
Q

define dark triad

A

a cluster of personality traits that are associated with criminal psychopathy

47
Q

what are the 3 personalities included in the dark triad

A

Psychopathy
Narcissism
Machiavelianism

48
Q

what are the 4 personalities included in the dark tetrad

A

Psychopathy
Narcissism
Machiavellianism
Sadism

49
Q

what is hemisphere asymmetry and deficiency regarding psychopathy

A

criminal psychopaths manifest an abnormal balance between the 2 brain hemispheres which affects language processing and arousal states.

50
Q

define executive functions

A

higher-order mental abilities involved in goal-directed behaviour

51
Q

what are frontal neuropsychological studies regarding psychopathy

A

research indicates that prefrontal damage results in poor decision-making, reduced autonomic functioning, and a psychopathic-like personality

52
Q

what are the 2 subdivisions of the peripheral nervous system

A

Somatic and autonomic

53
Q

what are the 2 subdivisions of the autonomic division of the peripheral nervous system

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

54
Q

what does SCR stand for

A

Skin conductance response

55
Q

what is the SCR

A

it is a physiological indicator of emotional arousal
it measures the resistance of the skin to conducting electrical current

56
Q

define avoidance learning

A

the process whereby someone responds in time to a warning signal in order to avoid painful or aversive stimuli

57
Q

what are the 4 categories of mental disorders that are most relevant to crime
MABS

A

Major depressive disorder
Antisocial personality disorder
Bipolar disorder
Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders

58
Q

what are the 2 mental disorders that can be used as defenses in court

A

PTSD
Dissociative identity disorder

59
Q

what is the other name for dissociative identity disorder

A

Multiple personality disorder

60
Q

what are the 2 classifications of amnesia

A

Retrograde amnesia
Anterograde amnesia

61
Q

what are the 2 kinds of amnesia

A

Localized
Generalized

62
Q

what does the ICT stand for and who developed it

A

The multiple Iterative Classification Tree
developed by the MacArthur Research network

63
Q

what is the ICT

A

a risk assessment instrument that helps clinicians identify low, average, and high-risk individuals

64
Q

what are the 3 stages of risk assessment

A

Identify
Assess
Manage

65
Q

what are the 3 risk assessments

A

Unstructured clinical
Structured professional judgement (SPJ)
Actuarial approach

3rd Year (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions