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SLK 320 Exam- Comm Flashcards

1
Q

What is the focus of research in community psychology
UIC

A

Understanding behaviour and social processes in communities
It enables the identification of strengths and needs in communities
Contributes to enhancing community development

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2
Q

The identification of strengths and needs in communities does what

A

Helps to develop interventions that need to be based on research

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3
Q

Why is Participatory action research (PAR) used

A

Because of its democratic nature of involving community members as part of the research process
It is also effective in promoting active community participation, health and empowerment while also aiming to prevent problems in communities

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4
Q

How can PAR be a strategy for contributing to the decolonisation of CP

A

Through action research, people make their realities visible and learn how to address their own concerns

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5
Q

Why is action research (AR) central to community psychology

A

Because it is an important way to motivate people to work together to bring about change

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6
Q

Define praxis

A

practical application of theoretical knowledge

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7
Q

The fundamental purpose of AR is through the systematic enquiry to do what 3 things?
MIC

A

Make the findings known
Inform reflections and decision-making
Collect sound research data from practice

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8
Q

what are the 3 meanings of the word research when used in community psychology
CRD

A

Cannot be performed individually becuase that destroys the community aspect
Responsive to community-identified needs and expectations
Degree of participation will denote the success of any engagement

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9
Q

What do the levels of participation in community psych contribute to?

A

The degree of social transformation
The maintenance of proactive changes and their continuation in sustainable or modifiable activities

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10
Q

What are the 7 types of participation that can shift over time and circumstances and the degrees of commitment associated
NFSSNTP

A

Nucleus maximum participation and commitment
Frequent participation and high commitment
Specific participation and medium commitment
Sporadic participation and low commitment
New and tentative participation and low commitment
Tangential participation, unclear
Positive, friendly curiosity and no commitment

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11
Q

AR can range between which 2 extremes

A

Relatively passive through collaborative forms
Fully participative

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12
Q

the basic collaborative action research (CAR) design recorded what

A

the evolving reflective cycles that the facilitator and participants go through

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13
Q

CAR assisted the facilitator in what way

A

Plan and then work in ways that were responsive to the participant’s expressed needs, informed by their reactions to the material they were learning

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14
Q

According to Sagor, what are the 5 habits of inquiry that are necessary for successful, meaningful and collaborative AR
CATPC

A

Clarifying a shared vision of success
Articulating theories informing actions
Team action planning
Purposeful collection of data
Collaborative analysis of data

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15
Q

What does PLC stand for

A

Professional Learning Community

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16
Q

What are the 3 subquestions that Sagor suggests

A

What specifically did I/we do? (actions)
What improvement occurred for my/our students (changes)
What was the relationship between my/our actions and changes in performance?

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17
Q

According to McIntyre, What are the 3 aspects of PAR?
SAK

A

Self- & critical awareness are promoted in order to initiate change and lead to activism
Alliances are built through planning and conducting research together
Knowledge is co-constructed by participants

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18
Q

researchers that are committed to PAR have developed a critical perspective of what 5 things
SCUPS

A

Social injustices
Challenging the oppression of others
Undemocratic processes
Political, social, economic, and ecological systems that inform such practices
Status quo

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19
Q

AR can take on various different forms, what are the 3 variations?
DBW

A

Degree of involvement of the participants
Best methods for collecting data and the types of data to be collected
Ways in which the data are analysed and resported

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20
Q

The different approaches to AR share what 4 common features
COFE

A

is it…
Cyclic
Orientated towards real life problems
Focuses on change and improvement
Empowering for individuals who participate and work towards changing a social situation.

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21
Q

What are the 4 key benefits of AR in community psychology?
FPPP

A

Focuses on change
Participants will discover new ways of thinking, acting, and relating to one another positively to enable collaboration and influence
Participating should strengthen community as a value and a way of being
Participants should experience change in their circumstances and see improvements in their living environments for the benefit of their communities

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22
Q

AR is often shown in cyclical form, what are the 4 commonly cited steps

A

Plan/question
Act
Observe/evaluate
Reflect/decide
(amend plan or go to next cycle)

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23
Q

The AR cyclical design accommodates what 3 things?
NNS

A

Number of participants
Needs of participants
Scope of the project

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24
Q

What are the 2 challenges with the cyclical steps of AR

A

Obtaining ethical approvals for research, where processes are planned to unfold and cannot necessarily be predicted beforehand
Asking important questions (Which aspects should we work with?, How is evidence best collected and evaluated?)

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25
What are the 4 components of Schon's 'the reflective practitioner'/ Kolb's 'experiential learning cycle' CRAA
Concrete experience Reflective observation Abstract conceptualisation Active experiementation
26
What is SoaP (Summary on a page)
A way of summarising meetings in which the main decision points were highlighted
27
Define task shifting
Complex healthcare tasks are broken down into smaller activities that are taught to people lower down on the professional ladder, and in some instances even to the general public
28
Define community-based social support
refers to services that are educative, empowering and supportive in nature
29
Define peer-led support groups
groups of people with practical insights and first-hand experience of a personal problem, who gather to share common experiences associated with that problem, condition, illness, or personal circumstance
30
What are the 4 categories of peer-led groups PASP
Preventative Adjunctive Substitutive Prescriptive
31
What is the Preventative peer-led group
used to promote good mental health and maintain optimal wellbeing before the onset of an illness or a problem.
32
What is the adjunctive peer-led group
used in combination with formal healthcare services
33
What is the substitutive peer-led group
used in place of formal healthcare services
34
What is the prescriptive peer-led group
attendance of these groups is prescribed by either your healthcare professional or legally mandated for a specific reason
35
What are the 8 principles followed by most support groups MMFFHALE
Meet at prearranged intervals May be open or closed to new members Format can be educational, topic-based, or open ended Free to attend but may request donations Have a leader/co-leaders who facilitate conversation and organise meetings Agreed upon rules Lasts 60-90 minutes Everybody gets an oportunity to speak if they want to.
36
Which 2 movements have an intersection with the theory and practice of community psychology
The primary healthcare movement The recovery movement
37
Which 4 specific values and principles underpin South Africa's own National Mental Health Policy Frameowkr and Strategic Plan CSPS
Community care Social support and integration Participation Self-representation
38
According to Lewin, what are the 3 stages that individual members experience as they begin to change their mindset
Unfreezing Change Freezing
39
According to Eric Berne, What is the 3 stage models of how a group moves from a relatively indistinct collection of people towards increasing recognition of each person as unique and distinct from one another
Undifferentiated Partially differentiate Differentiated
40
What are Tuckman's 5 stages of small group development FSNPA
Forming Storming Norming Performing Adjourning
41
What are Wheelan's 5 stages that mirrored the psychosocial challenges of growing up and achieving maturity DCTWI
Dependency and inclusion (childhood) Counter-dependency and fight (adolescence) Trust and structure (young adulthood) Work and productivity (Adulthood) Impending termination (older age)
42
Which 5 types of non-fatal violence have been increasing VVGYC
Violence against sexual minorities Violence against foreign nationals Gender-based violence Youth-led gang violence Child abuse
43
What are the 3 classes of violence according to the WHO
Self-directed violence Interpersonal violence Collective violence
44
Define youth violence
the intentional use of physical force or power to threaten or harm others by young people aged 10-24`
45
youth violence can be classified under which 2 headings according to the WHO
interpersonal violence collective violence
46
What are the 3 sub-categories of collective violence
Social Political Economic
47
Define structural violence
the systematic, institutionalised ways in which groups are prevented from meeting basic living needs
48
What are the 6 inclusions of structural violence EERINS
Elitism Ethnocentrism Racism Institutionalised classism Nationalism Sexism
49
Define cultural violence
the justification of structural violence or the rationalisations of systems that enable poverty and injustice
50
What are the 3 key predictors of youth violence MAG
Male sex Age-related attributes and factors Gender socialisation
51
What are 5 of the greatest risks for youth of becoming victims or perpetrators of violence PPGBN
Participation in criminal acts Psychological characteristics Gang membership Behavioural characteristics Neighbourhood characteristics
52
What are the 4 individual factors that could lead to youth violence DISC
Demographics Intra-psychic behavioural and emotional factors Skills Cultural and religious/spiritual factors
53
What are the 3 important protective factors at the community level SCC
School and community connectedness Community mobilisation Community support networks
54
What are the 3 societal-level protective factors SLP
Social justice and human rights policies Laws Programmes that constrain violence
55
What are 5 of the behavioural consequences of exposure to violence HHRST
Harmful use of illegal substances Harmful use of legal substances Risky sexual behaviour STD's Teenage pregnancy
56
What are the 2 primary groupings of the theoretical positions related to crime and violence
Internal (genetics and personality) External (Environmental and social conditions)
57
What are the 3 biological perspectives put forward to explain youth violence and how it affects communities and individuals BNG
Biochemical theory Neurological theory Genetic theory
58
What is the biochemical theory
certain biological conditions cause cognitive deficiencies and difficulties which may spawn violent behaviour
59
What is the neurological theory
Individuals who engage in criminal acts are neurologically different and thus predisposed to deviant behaviour
60
What is the genetic theory
Genetic abnormality is linked to antisocial, aggressive and violent behaviour
61
What are the 3 psychological perspectives put forward to explain youth violence and how it affects communities and individuals PPI
Psychoanalytic theory Personality theory Intelligence thoery
62
What is the psychoanalytic theory
Violent behaviour is a result of the unconscious elements in the mind
63
What is the personality theory
Certain personality traits increase risk for violent behaviour
64
What is the intelligence theory
Low intelligence and poor academic achievement increase risk for violent behaviour
65
What are the 3 social process perspectives put forward to explain youth violence and how it affects communities and individuals SSS
Social learning theory Social disorganisation theory Strain theory
66
what is the social learning theory
violent behaviour is learnt through the exposure, imitation and reinforcement of behaviour
67
What is the social disorganisation theory
community disorganisation leads to violent behaviour
68
What is strain theory
Violence and crime emerge from the pressure and frustration caused by the difficulties faced in achieving certain goals by legitimate means owing to social barriers and inadequate social structures
69
What are the 3 emerging perspectives put forward to explain youth violence and how it affects communities and individuals FIB
Feminist theory Integrated theories Biopsychosocial model
70
What is the feminist theory
Violence is studied in connection with gender and socially constructed roles. Violence against women is regarded as a form of power and control by men
71
What are integrated theories
Rooted in the idea that no single theory can explain a complex social phenomenon
72
What is the biopsychosocial model
It takes multiple factors into consideration
73
What 3 elements does the biopsychosocial model consider
Biological factors Psychological factors Social factors
74
According to Bronfenbrenner's ecological model, what are the 5 ecological models that the environment consists of MMEMC
Microsystem Mesosystem Exosystem Macrosystem Chronosystem
75
What are the 3 goals of community interventions SIP
Stimulate the implementation of multiple strategies to reduce violence Increase community involvement Positively influence the individual's social-cognitive processes and experiences
76
What are the 10 selected community interventions in south africa for the prevention of youth violence and crime MMSSBUICHO
MenCare Men as partners Soul City Stepping stones Building bridges mentoring programme USIKO Youth Development Project INSPIRE Couples health CoOp Hearts of men One man can
77
What is the purpose of using intergenerational trauma as a framework
to contextualise current community trauma within our history
78
Using intergenerational trauma as a framework helps to do what 2 things
Reduce the stigmatising effects of being labelled a violent or traumatised community Promote ways of healing communities that are cognisant of our historical context
79
What are the 3 categories of trauma
Type 1 Type 2 Type 3
80
What is type 1 trauma
Traumatic events that are viewed as out of the ordinary. Often single events and PTSD is a typical reaction.
81
What is type 2 trauma
Repetitive and persistent nature.
82
What is type 3 trauma
Trauma that is seldom spoken about. The historical, collective experience of trauma and the intergenerational transmission of cycles of violence and trauma
83
Define dysfunctional community syndrome
The progression of trauma over generations
84
how can we heal intergenerational trauma?
By adopting a trauma-informed approach
85
The trauma-informed approach is a lens through which behaviour and responses are understood. This lens requires that we do what 4 things? RRRR
Realise the extent of the trauma Recognise the extent of the trauma Respond with sensitivity and awareness to how people adapt in situations of trauma Resist re-traumatisation
86
What are the 3 steps that are part of Perry and Hambrick's neuro-sequential bottom-up brain intervention approach
Restore Reconnect Rebuild

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