sliding filament theory Flashcards
The sarcomere is the _______ ________ unit of the myofibril.
basic functional
In the muscle fiber, what defines the sarcomere?
the space from one Z disk to another Z disk
what is a myofibril?
a rod-like unit within a muscle fiberthat is made up of myofilaments
are proteins elastic?
yes
What are myofilaments made up of?
thick filaments - myosin
thin filaments - actin
These are proteins
When the myofilaments are triggered by calcium release, what happens?
they slide over each other to contract or extend
What is the I-band made up of? what is it dissected by?
thin actin filaments
the Z- line
What is the Z-line?
a dense protein disk that defines the sarcomere borders
What does the Z-line provide?
anchorage for contraction and recoil
Where is the M-line located?
in the middle of the thick myosin filaments
In which region is the H-zone?
the region in the centre of each A-band
What type of filaments is the A-band made up of?
mainly thick filaments and partially overlapping thin filaments
During contraction, the ______ ______ will pull the _____ ________ closer to one another.
myosin (thick filament) heads
actin (thin) filaments
During contraction, the _ disks come closer to one another.
Z
During contraction, the I-bands ______
shrink
During contraction, the ______ __________ slide over one another.
actin filaments
Does the A band change length during contraction?
no
What are the 4 steps of sliding filament theory?
- muscle activation
- muscle contraction
- recharging
- relaxation
What happens during muscle activation? (2)
- The motor nerve stimulates a motor impulse to pass down a neuron to the neuromuscular junction
- The motor impulse stimulates the sarcoplasmic reticulum to release calcium into muscle cells.
What happens during muscle contraction? (2)
- calcium floods into the muscle cell and it binds with triponin, allowing actin and myosin to bind
- the myosin and actin cross-bridges bind and contract using ATP. This is called a power stroke.
What happens during recharging? (1)
ATP is resynthesized which allows actin and myosin to maintain their strong binding state.
What happens during relaxation? (3)
- the stimulation of the nerve stops
- Calcium is then pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum which breaks the link between actin and myosin
- myosin and actin return to their unbound state causing the muscle to relax.
When does failure happen?
when ATP isnt available
what is ATP?
adesonine triphosphate, the chemical that fuels muscle contraction.