digestive system

Question 1

food is essential for _____

Answer 1

life

Question 2

what is digestion?

Answer 2

the process of breaking down larger food molecules into molecules which are small enough for use of body cells

Question 3

what are the 5 steps of the digestive process?

Answer 3

1. ingestion
2. movement of food
3. digestion
4. absorbtion
5. defecation

Question 4

what is ingestion in the digestive process?

Answer 4

easting, taking in food

Question 5

what is movement in the digestive process?

Answer 5

the movement of food along the gastrointestinal tract

Question 6

what are digestions in the digestive process?

Answer 6

chemical and mechanical processes involved in the breakdown of food

Question 7

What is absorption in the digestive process?

Answer 7

the absorption of nutrients and energy into the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems to be redistributed to other cells​

Question 8

What is defecation in the digestive process?

Answer 8

Elimination of indigestible substances​

Question 9

What is chewing called?

Answer 9

mastication

Question 10

Where is saliva produced and why?

Answer 10

in glands in the mouth to aid the breakdown of food into a small mass called a bolus

Question 11

Where does the tongue direct the bolus?

Answer 11

to the back of the mouth

Question 12

what does the epiglottis do?

Answer 12

moves to cover the windpipe to ensure the bolus goes down the oesophagus

Question 13

What are peristaltic waves? what do they do?

Answer 13

Involuntary muscle contractions that move the bolus down the oesophagus into the stomach​
​

Question 14

what letter is the stomach shaped like?

Answer 14

J

Question 15

what is the stomach located under?

Answer 15

the diaphragm and liver

Question 16

what is the main function of the stomach?

Answer 16

breaking down food into chyme

Question 17

what is chyme?

Answer 17

semi fluid pulp

Question 18

Why does the stomach act as a storage area for food?

Answer 18

because we eat food quicker than the digestive system can break it down

Question 19

how many litres of chyme can the stomach hold and for how long?

Answer 19

4 litres of chyme for 2-4 hours

Question 20

what is the role of the submucosa in the stomach?

Answer 20

to protect the rest of the body from harmful acids

Question 21

what is chemical digestion?

Answer 21

Chemical digestion is a biochemical process that uses enzymes and water to break down complex molecules

Question 22

what does the liver produce in chemical digestion? what does it do?

Answer 22

bile, helps break down fat

Question 23

what does the pancreas produce in chemical digestion, what does it do?

Answer 23

digestive enzymes that help break down food further into really small molecules for absorption

Question 24

What does the stomach lining produce? (1) what does this do? (2)

Answer 24

mucus, protects from acid, lubricates stomach,

Question 25

different _________ break down different ________.

Answer 25

enzymes foods

Question 26

What are the 3 sections of the small intestine?

Answer 26

duodenum jejunum ileum

Question 27

how long is the small intestine?

Answer 27

6m long

Question 28

what is the longest and most convoluted part of the alimentary canal?

Answer 28

the small intestine

Question 29

What part of the small intestine receives the digested food from the stomach?

Answer 29

the duodenum

Question 30

What is the alimentary canal?

Answer 30

the continuous tube from mouth to anus

Question 31

what are villi?

Answer 31

small finger like projections that line the small intestine wall

Question 32

what do villi do?

Answer 32

they increase the surface area of the small intestine wall to maximise the rate of absorption of digested food

Question 33

digested nutrients are passed into the individual _______.

Answer 33

villus

Question 34

what do microvilli cover? what does this do?

Answer 34

the wall of the villi, increasing the surface area

Question 35

The villi have their own ______ ________, making it more ___________ to absorb __________ into the ________ _______.

Answer 35

blood supply effective nutrients blood stream

Question 36

Where does the large intestine receive digested food from?

Answer 36

the small intestine

Question 37

what are the four sections of the large intestine (or colon) ?

Answer 37

1.ascending, 2.transverse, 3.descending 4. sigmoid

Question 38

what are the two functions of the large intestine?

Answer 38

to form faeces to absorb water

Question 39

what does water absorption in the large intestine (or colon) do?

Answer 39

helps move the faeces through and avoid constipation

Question 40

which are of the large intestine leads to the rectum and anus?

Answer 40

the sigmoid

Question 41

What three organs help with digestion?

Answer 41

liver gallbladder pancreas

Question 42

the liver produces ______ which helps with _____________

Answer 42

bile metabolism

Question 43

what is metabolism in the digestive system?

Answer 43

breaking down fats

Question 44

how does the gallbladder help digestion?

Answer 44

by storing and releasing bile

Question 45

How does the pancreas help with digestion?

Answer 45

it produces enzymes and regulated blood sugars

Question 46

Enzymes are _________ which speed up a _________ reaction without being changed by that _________

Answer 46

protein chemical reaction

Question 47

Where are most enzymes made?

Answer 47

in the pancreas

Question 48

what does the enzyme amylase break down?

Answer 48

complex carbs

Question 49

what does the enzyme lipase break down?

Answer 49

fats

Question 50

what does the enzyme protease break down?

Answer 50

protein

Question 51

What does the enzyme lactase break down?

Answer 51

lactose

Question 52

what does the enzyme sucrase break down?

Answer 52

sucrose

Question 53

what does the hormone gastrin do?

Answer 53

stimulate the release of gastric acids

Question 54

where is the hormone gastrin produced?

Answer 54

in the stomach

Question 55

what do gastric acids do?

Answer 55

help to break down proteins

Question 56

What does the hormone secretin do?

Answer 56

prompts the pancreas to release bicarbonate

Question 57

what does bicarbonate do?

Answer 57

neutralise stomach acid as it reaches the small intestine

Question 58

where is the hormone secretin released?

Answer 58

in the small intestine

Question 59

What does the hormone Ghrelin do?

Answer 59

stimulate appetite

Question 60

what is the hormone ghrelin released by?

Answer 60

the stomach

Question 61

What does the hormone cholecystokinin do?

Answer 61

aid digestion and reduce appetite

Question 62

where is the hormone cholecystokinin released?

Answer 62

in the small intestine

Question 63

what are the 4 common digestive diseases/problems?

Answer 63

ageing cancers diverticulitis Crohn's disease

Question 64

when we age, in our digestive system there is _________ ________ ___________ which decreases _________ of digestive muscles. This causes changes in ________________ feedback. There is increased _____ of other diseases.

Answer 64

decreased secretory mechanism motility neurosensory risk

Question 65

what is motility in the digestive system?

Answer 65

the contraction and stretching of muscles in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that move food through the body.

Question 66

what are the two cancers of the digestive system?

Answer 66

colon and bowel

Question 67

What does diverticulitis affect? what does this cause?

Answer 67

the diverticular in the large intestine causes pain, bloating, constipation or diarrhoea

Question 68

What is the diverticular in the large intestine?

Answer 68

the small pouches or sacks that form it

Question 69

What type of disease is Crohn's disease?

Answer 69

a type of inflammatory bowel disease

Question 70

what happens in Crohn's disease?

Answer 70

parts of the digestive system become inflames and in some cases ulcerated

Question 71

Crohn's disease can be very ________. Cause abdominal ______ and _________, blood in the _______, weight ____ and __________. ​

Answer 71

painful pains cramps feaces loss tiredness