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Anatomy and physiology > Peripheral nervous system > Flashcards

Peripheral nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two functional divisions of the PNS?

A

autonomic
somatic

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2
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system regulate?

A

regulates certain body processes, such as blood pressure and the rate of breathing. This system works automatically (autonomously), without a person’s conscious effort.

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3
Q

What does sympathetic nervous system do in the autonomic nervous system?

A

the part of your nervous system that carries signals related to your “fight-or-flight” response

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4
Q

What does parasympathetic nervous system do in the autonomic nervous system?

A

balances your sympathetic nervous system. your parasympathetic nervous system helps to control your body’s response during times of rest.

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5
Q

What does the somatic nervous system do? (2)

A

allows you to move and control muscles throughout your body. It also feeds information from four of your senses — smell, sound, taste and touch — into your brain.

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6
Q

What are the two types of nerves that sit within the somatic nervous system? how many of each?

A

spinal nerves (31 pairs)
Cranial nerves (12 pairs)

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7
Q

Where do the cranial nerves come from?

A

directly from the brain

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8
Q

In the somatic system, which nerves arise from the cerebrum?

A

optic nerves
olfactory nerves

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9
Q

where do the other 10 nerves from the brainstem extend into?

A

the periphery and therefore the group are classed within the PNS

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10
Q

How many spinal nerves are there?

A

31pairs

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11
Q

are all spinal nerves part of the somatic nervous system?

A

yes

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12
Q

How are the cervical spinal nerves named?

A

by the vertebrae below

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13
Q

How are all nerves except the cervical spinal nerves named?

A

by the number of the single vertebrae above

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14
Q

Where in the spinal cord are the sensory fibres located?

A

in the posterior root

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15
Q

Where in the spinal cord are the motor fibres located?

A

in the anterior root

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16
Q

what does the posterior root and anterior root join to form?

A

the peripheral nerves: mixed in fibres

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17
Q

Spinal nerves leave the __________ column through the ___________ __________ located between two successive, adjacent vertebrae

A

vertebral
intervertebral foramina

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18
Q

What are the two branches of the peripheral nerves once they leave the spinal cord?

A

the Dorsal ramus (rami)
the ventral ramus (rami)

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19
Q

What information does does the dorsal ramus carry?

A

the information that supplies the muscles and sensation to the back

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20
Q

what information does the ventral ramus carry?

A

the information that supplies the skin and muscles of the limbs and anterior trunk

21
Q

the ventral rami converge with each other to form networks of nerves called what?

A

​
plexuses

22
Q

what is a plexus?

A

a network of neutrons from several segments of the spinal cord that combine to form nerves to specific parts of the body

23
Q

what is the benefit of a plexus?

A

regions receive a nerve supply from more than one spinal nerve, so damage to one nerve does not cause loss of function of that region

24
Q

what are the 4 major plexuses?

A

cervical
brachial
lumbar
sarcal

25
Q

where is the cervical plexus?

A

the neck

26
Q

what does the cervical plexus supply?

A

the skin
muscles of the head, neck and upper region of shoulders

27
Q

where is the brachial plexus located?

A

at the top of the shoulder

28
Q

what does the brachial plexus supply?

A

the skin
muscles of the arm, shoulder and upper chest

29
Q

Where is the lumbar plexus located?

A

between the waist and hip

30
Q

What does the lumbar plexus supply?

A

the front and sides of the abdominal wall and some of the thigh

31
Q

where is the sacral plexus located?

A

at the base of the abdomen

32
Q

What does the sacral plexus supply?

A

the skin
the muscles and organs of the pelvis

33
Q

the autonomic nervous system controls the ____________ body activities of _________ and ________ muscle and the activities of the _______.

A

automatic
smooth
cardiac
glands

34
Q

What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

A

sympathetic
parasympathetic

35
Q

What kind of neurones make up the autonomic nervous system?

A

visceral motor neurones

36
Q

in what kind of situations is the sympathetic nervous system dominant?

A

stress situations

37
Q

What does the sympathetic nervous system prepare the body for?

A

expending energy and dealing with emergency situations

38
Q

Where do the neurones (cell bodies) of the sympathetic nervous system originate?

A

in the thoracic segments and some lumbar segments of the spinal cord

39
Q

what does the activation of the sympathetic nervous system do to our eyes?

A

causes the pupils to dilate allowing more light to enter

40
Q

what does the activation of the sympathetic nervous system do to our heart?

A

pumps faster so we can take in more oxygen

41
Q

What does the sympathetic nervous system do to our blood vessels in the body?

A

Shunts blood to more vital organs such as the heart, muscles and brain​

42
Q

What does the sympathetic nervous activation do to the lungs?

A

bronchodilation and decreased pulmonary secretions occur to allow more airflow through the lungs.

43
Q

What does the parasympathetic nervous system balance?

A

the action of the sympathetic nervous system

44
Q

The parasympathetic nervous system works to conserve _______ and create the conditions needed for ______ and _______. it ______ down the body processes.

A

energy
rest
sleep
slows

45
Q

Where do the neurones originate in the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

in the brain stem and sacral segments of the spinal cord

46
Q

What are the 6 parasympathetic responses?

A
  1. decrease heart rate
  2. decrease respiratory rate/constricts bronchioles
  3. constricts skeletal blood vessels
  4. increases gastointestinal activity
  5. contracts bladder
  6. constricts pupils
47
Q

The sympathetic stimulation of the autonomic nervous system is increased by the release of which hormone?

A

adrenaline

48
Q

where is adrenaline produced?

A

the medulla of the adrenal glands on the kidney

49
Q

The adrenal medullar is classes as part of which nervous system?

A

the autonomic nervous system

Anatomy and physiology (18 decks)

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