Anatomy and physiology terminology Flashcards
Describe the anatomical position
feet hip width apart, palms facing forward
What does the term ‘superior’ mean?
towards the head, or the upper part of a structure
What does the term ‘inferior’ mean?
away from the head, or lower part of a structure
What does the term ‘medial’ mean?
nearer toward the midline of the body or structure
What does the term ‘lateral’ mean?
further away from the midline of the body or structure
What does the term ‘proximal’ mean?
nearer to
What does the term ‘distal’ mean?
further away from
What does the term ‘anterior’ mean?
the front of the body
What does the term ‘posterior’ mean?
the back of the body
What is the ‘prone’ position?
lying on belly
What is the ‘supine’ position?
lying on spine
what does the term ‘superficial’ mean?
on/close to the surface
what does the term ‘deep’ mean?
deeper inside
What are ‘cavities’?
spaces within the body that contain internal organs, sometimes more
what are the two main cavities in the body?
Dorsal and Ventral
Where is the Dorsal cavity located in the body?
on the back/posterior of the body
What cavities are located within the dorsal cavity?
the cranial (brain) cavity and the spinal cavity (canal)
Where is the ventral cavity located?
on the front/anterior of the body
What cavities are within the ventral cavity?
thoracic and abdominopelvic
what is cavities are within the abdominopelvic cavity?
the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity
In which cavity would you find the lungs?
thoracic
In which cavity would you find the bladder?
pelvic
in which cavity would you find the stomach?
abdominal
Define the term flexion.
a movement that decreases the angle between two body parts, bringing them closer together
What type of movement is a bicep curl an example of?
flexion
Define the term extension.
a movement that increases the angle between two body parts, moving them further apart
what is straightening your arm after a bicep curl an example of?
extension
Where in the body does plantarflexion, plantigrade and dorsiflexion happen?
in the feet
Define the term plantarflexion.
the extension of the ankle so that the foot points down and away from the leg
describe the position of the foot in plantigrade.
the foot is positioned so the whole sole of the foot is flat on the ground
Define the term dorsiflexion.
flexion at the ankle so that the foot points upward.
What is a ballerina en pointe an example of regarding foot positioning?
plantarflexion
what is painting your toenails an example of regarding foot positioning?
Dorsiflexion
Define the term abduction.
movement of a body segment away from the midline
what is spreading your legs is an example of?
abduction
define the term adduction.
the movement of a body segment towards the midline
what is closing your legs an example of?
adduction
Where in the body does supination and pronation happen?
the hands
Define the term supination.
the rotation of the forearm and hand so that the palm faces upwards
Define the term pronation.
the rotation of the forearm and hand so that the palm faces downwards
Where in the body does elevation and depression happen?
the shoulders
Define the term elevation.
the raising of a body part
shrugging the shoulders is an example of what type of movement?
elevation
define the term depression.
lowering of a body part
What is the rounding/lowering of the shoulders an example of?
depression
Where does protraction and retraction happen in the body?
in the shoulders
Define the term protraction.
moving a body part forwards
What kind of movement is pushing your shoulders forward an example of?
protraction
Define the term retraction.
moving a body part backward
moving your shoulders back is an example of what type of movement?
retraction
Where in the body does inversion and eversion happen?
the feet
Define the term inversion.
the movement of bringing the sole of the foot inwards
Define the term lateral flexion.
bending a body part, mainly torso, sideways
Define the term circumduction.
a conical movement of a limb that occurs at a joint
What type of movement is front crawl an example of?
circumduction
what is an anatomical plane?
imaginary flat surfaces that are used to divide the body into sections to describe the location of body parts and the direction of movement
What is the sagittal plane also known as? (2)
the median plane
the mid sagittal plane
how does the sagittal plane separate the body?
the left side from the right side, like a james bond villain
What is the coronal plane also known as? (1)
the frontal plane
how does the coronal plane separate the body?
it separates the front from the back
what is the transverse plane also known as? (1)
the horizontal plane
how does the horizontal plane separate the body?
top from bottom, like a magicians box
how many planes are there?
3
how many axis of movement are there?
3
what are the three planes of movement?
- median/sagittal plane
- coronal/frontal plane
- transverse/horizontal plane
What are the three axis?
- Frontal axis
- sagittal/antero-posterior axis
- longitudinal/vertical axis
What is the sagittal axis also called? (1)
antero-posterior axis
What is the longitudinal axis also called? (1)
vertical axis
Describe the position of the frontal axis.
left to right through the side of the body
Describe the position of the sagittal/Antero-posterior axis.
runs from front to back through the centre of the body
Describe the position of the vertical axis.
runs from top to bottom
on what axis would a pirouette happen?
longitudinal/vertical axis
on what axis would a cartwheel happen?
anteroposterior/sagittal axis
on what axis would a backflip happen?
frontal axis
what kind of plane does a frontal axis create?
a sagittal/longitudinal plane
what kind of plane does an anteroposterior/sagittal axis create?
coronal/frontal plane
what kind of plane does a longitudinal/vertical axis create?
a transverse/horizontal plane
