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Anatomy and physiology > Anatomy and physiology terminology > Flashcards

Anatomy and physiology terminology Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the anatomical position

A

feet hip width apart, palms facing forward

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2
Q

What does the term ‘superior’ mean?

A

towards the head, or the upper part of a structure

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3
Q

What does the term ‘inferior’ mean?

A

away from the head, or lower part of a structure

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4
Q

What does the term ‘medial’ mean?

A

nearer toward the midline of the body or structure

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5
Q

What does the term ‘lateral’ mean?

A

further away from the midline of the body or structure

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6
Q

What does the term ‘proximal’ mean?

A

nearer to

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7
Q

What does the term ‘distal’ mean?

A

further away from

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8
Q

What does the term ‘anterior’ mean?

A

the front of the body

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9
Q

What does the term ‘posterior’ mean?

A

the back of the body

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10
Q

What is the ‘prone’ position?

A

lying on belly

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11
Q

What is the ‘supine’ position?

A

lying on spine

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12
Q

what does the term ‘superficial’ mean?

A

on/close to the surface

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13
Q

what does the term ‘deep’ mean?

A

deeper inside

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14
Q

What are ‘cavities’?

A

spaces within the body that contain internal organs, sometimes more

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15
Q

what are the two main cavities in the body?

A

Dorsal and Ventral

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16
Q

Where is the Dorsal cavity located in the body?

A

on the back/posterior of the body

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17
Q

What cavities are located within the dorsal cavity?

A

the cranial (brain) cavity and the spinal cavity (canal)

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18
Q

Where is the ventral cavity located?

A

on the front/anterior of the body

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19
Q

What cavities are within the ventral cavity?

A

thoracic and abdominopelvic

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20
Q

what is cavities are within the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity

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21
Q

In which cavity would you find the lungs?

A

thoracic

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22
Q

In which cavity would you find the bladder?

A

pelvic

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23
Q

in which cavity would you find the stomach?

A

abdominal

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24
Q

Define the term flexion.

A

a movement that decreases the angle between two body parts, bringing them closer together

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25
Q

What type of movement is a bicep curl an example of?

A

flexion

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26
Q

Define the term extension.

A

a movement that increases the angle between two body parts, moving them further apart

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27
Q

what is straightening your arm after a bicep curl an example of?

A

extension

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28
Q

Where in the body does plantarflexion, plantigrade and dorsiflexion happen?

A

in the feet

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29
Q

Define the term plantarflexion.

A

the extension of the ankle so that the foot points down and away from the leg

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30
Q

describe the position of the foot in plantigrade.

A

the foot is positioned so the whole sole of the foot is flat on the ground

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31
Q

Define the term dorsiflexion.

A

flexion at the ankle so that the foot points upward.

32
Q

What is a ballerina en pointe an example of regarding foot positioning?

A

plantarflexion

33
Q

what is painting your toenails an example of regarding foot positioning?

A

Dorsiflexion

34
Q

Define the term abduction.

A

movement of a body segment away from the midline

35
Q

what is spreading your legs is an example of?

A

abduction

36
Q

define the term adduction.

A

the movement of a body segment towards the midline

37
Q

what is closing your legs an example of?

A

adduction

38
Q

Where in the body does supination and pronation happen?

A

the hands

39
Q

Define the term supination.

A

the rotation of the forearm and hand so that the palm faces upwards

40
Q

Define the term pronation.

A

the rotation of the forearm and hand so that the palm faces downwards

41
Q

Where in the body does elevation and depression happen?

A

the shoulders

42
Q

Define the term elevation.

A

the raising of a body part

43
Q

shrugging the shoulders is an example of what type of movement?

A

elevation

44
Q

define the term depression.

A

lowering of a body part

45
Q

What is the rounding/lowering of the shoulders an example of?

A

depression

46
Q

Where does protraction and retraction happen in the body?

A

in the shoulders

47
Q

Define the term protraction.

A

moving a body part forwards

48
Q

What kind of movement is pushing your shoulders forward an example of?

A

protraction

49
Q

Define the term retraction.

A

moving a body part backward

50
Q

moving your shoulders back is an example of what type of movement?

A

retraction

51
Q

Where in the body does inversion and eversion happen?

A

the feet

52
Q

Define the term inversion.

A

the movement of bringing the sole of the foot inwards

53
Q

Define the term lateral flexion.

A

bending a body part, mainly torso, sideways

54
Q

Define the term circumduction.

A

a conical movement of a limb that occurs at a joint

55
Q

What type of movement is front crawl an example of?

A

circumduction

56
Q

what is an anatomical plane?

A

imaginary flat surfaces that are used to divide the body into sections to describe the location of body parts and the direction of movement

57
Q

What is the sagittal plane also known as? (2)

A

the median plane
the mid sagittal plane

58
Q

how does the sagittal plane separate the body?

A

the left side from the right side, like a james bond villain

59
Q

What is the coronal plane also known as? (1)

A

the frontal plane

60
Q

how does the coronal plane separate the body?

A

it separates the front from the back

61
Q

what is the transverse plane also known as? (1)

A

the horizontal plane

62
Q

how does the horizontal plane separate the body?

A

top from bottom, like a magicians box

63
Q

how many planes are there?

A

3

64
Q

how many axis of movement are there?

A

3

65
Q

what are the three planes of movement?

A
  1. median/sagittal plane
  2. coronal/frontal plane
  3. transverse/horizontal plane
66
Q

What are the three axis?

A
  1. Frontal axis
  2. sagittal/antero-posterior axis
  3. longitudinal/vertical axis
67
Q

What is the sagittal axis also called? (1)

A

antero-posterior axis

68
Q

What is the longitudinal axis also called? (1)

A

vertical axis

69
Q

Describe the position of the frontal axis.

A

left to right through the side of the body

70
Q

Describe the position of the sagittal/Antero-posterior axis.

A

runs from front to back through the centre of the body

71
Q

Describe the position of the vertical axis.

A

runs from top to bottom

72
Q

on what axis would a pirouette happen?

A

longitudinal/vertical axis

73
Q

on what axis would a cartwheel happen?

A

anteroposterior/sagittal axis

74
Q

on what axis would a backflip happen?

A

frontal axis

75
Q

what kind of plane does a frontal axis create?

A

a sagittal/longitudinal plane

76
Q

what kind of plane does an anteroposterior/sagittal axis create?

A

coronal/frontal plane

77
Q

what kind of plane does a longitudinal/vertical axis create?

A

a transverse/horizontal plane

Anatomy and physiology (18 decks)

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