sleep

Question 1

non-restorative sleep

Answer 1

sleep that is of adequate duration but does not result in feeling refreshed and alert the next day

Question 2

fragmented sleep:

Answer 2

frequent arousal or actual awakenings that interrupt sleep

Question 3

insufficient sleep:

Answer 3

obtaining less than the recommended amount of sleep (7-8 hours)

Question 4

our sleep wake cycle is controlled by our ____

Answer 4

brain

Question 5

act of being awake is controlled by our ________

Answer 5

RAS (reticular activating system) and other neurotransmitters in our brain. (orexin)

Question 6

low levels of orexin in ___ patients

Answer 6

narcaleptic

Question 7

orexin is found in the

Answer 7

hypothalamus of brain

Question 8

activation of the RAS causes ____ & _____

Answer 8

alertness and attention

Question 9

sleep disorders:

Answer 9

insomnia and narcloepsy

Question 10

sleep:

Answer 10

state in which an individual lacks conscious awareness of environmental surroundings but can easily aroused

Question 11

circadian rhythm

Answer 11

biologic rhythm of behavior and physiology in a 24 hour period

Question 12

____ is an important cue for sleep-fullness versus wake-fullness

Answer 12

light

Question 13

____ is our strongest time cue for our sleep/wake rhythm

Answer 13

light

Question 14

circadian rhythm is managed by the _____ in the hypothalamus

Answer 14

suprachiasmatic nucleus

Question 15

REM sleep vs non-REM sleep

Answer 15

rapid eye movement, majority of our time is spent in non-rem sleep

Question 16

sleep latency:

Answer 16

when a person is beginning to fall asleep and ends when non-REM sleep is entered, time varies usually 10-40 minutes

Question 17

Non-REM sleep is ____ to ____ of sleep time

Answer 17

75-80%

Question 18

parasomnias:

Answer 18

unusual and often undesirable behaviors while falling asleep, transitioning between sleep stages, or during arousal from sleep. due to CNS activation

Question 19

types of parasomnias:

Answer 19

sleep walking, sleep terrors, nightmares, sleep paralysis, sleep hallucinations

Question 20

REM sleep:

Answer 20

20 to 25%, occurs 3 to 4x a night, greatly reduced skeletal muscle tone, and period when most vivid dreaming occurs

Question 21

acute insomnia:

Answer 21

difficulty falling asleep or remaining asleep for at least 3 nights/week for less than a month

Question 22

chronic insomnia:

Answer 22

same symptoms as acute, daytime symptoms that persist for 1 month or longer

Question 23

ICU psychosis:

Answer 23

so many lights/alarms/procedures where a patient can’t determine whether it is day or night time.

Question 24

alcohol ______ your amount of REM sleep, causing ____ sleep

Answer 24

decreases; fragmented

Question 25

chronic insomnia:

Answer 25

often no known cause, stressful life event, psychiatric illness or medical condition, medications or substance abuse

Question 26

diagnosis of insomnia:

Answer 26

self-report (most common), actigraphy, and polysomnography (PSG)

Question 27

self-report:

Answer 27

sleep log for 2 weeks

Question 28

actigraphy:

Answer 28

watch like device, worn on the wrist that can determine sleep and wake over a 14 day period

Question 29

polysomnography:

Answer 29

sleep study

Question 30

sedative-hypnotic drugs

Answer 30

drugs that depress CNS function, primarily used to treat anxiety and insomnia

Question 31

benzodiazepines used specifically for sleep:

Answer 31

temazepam (restoril) and triazolam (halcion)

Question 32

common benzodiazepines:

Answer 32

diazepam (valium), lorazepam (ativan), alprazolam (xanax)

Question 33

adverse affects of benzodiazepines:

Answer 33

CNS depression, amnesia, sleep driving, paradoxical effects, respiratory depression, abuse

Question 34

benzodiazepines have a reverse medication called __

Answer 34

flumazenil (romazicon)

Question 35

decrease ____ light before bedtime

Answer 35

blue

Question 36

sleep apnea:

Answer 36

lack of breathing while sleeping

Question 37

severe apnea treatment:

Answer 37

CPAP, BiPAP, surgery

Question 38

narcolepsy:

Answer 38

brain unable to regulate sleep-wake cycles normally, often go directly into REM sleep

Question 39

low levels of ____ lead to difficulty staying awake

Answer 39

orexin

Question 40

two types of narcolepsy:

Answer 40

type 1: cataplexy (loss of muscle control)
type 2: without cataplexy (do not have muscle loss/tone)

Question 41

stage 1 of Non-rem

Answer 41

slow eye movements, can be easily aroused

Question 42

stage 2 of non-rem

Answer 42

HR and temperature decrease, and where we spend most of our nights sleep

Question 43

stage 3 of non-rem

Answer 43

deep or slow wave sleep, delta waves, parasomnias - difficult to awaken at this time

Question 44

nurse awake for 17 hours equals same cognition as blood alcohol level ____ and awake for 24 hours or more is equivalent to BAC of ___

Answer 44

0.05%; 0.10%