sleep Flashcards
non-restorative sleep
sleep that is of adequate duration but does not result in feeling refreshed and alert the next day
fragmented sleep:
frequent arousal or actual awakenings that interrupt sleep
insufficient sleep:
obtaining less than the recommended amount of sleep (7-8 hours)
our sleep wake cycle is controlled by our ____
brain
act of being awake is controlled by our ________
RAS (reticular activating system) and other neurotransmitters in our brain. (orexin)
low levels of orexin in ___ patients
narcaleptic
orexin is found in the
hypothalamus of brain
activation of the RAS causes ____ & _____
alertness and attention
sleep disorders:
insomnia and narcloepsy
sleep:
state in which an individual lacks conscious awareness of environmental surroundings but can easily aroused
circadian rhythm
biologic rhythm of behavior and physiology in a 24 hour period
____ is an important cue for sleep-fullness versus wake-fullness
light
____ is our strongest time cue for our sleep/wake rhythm
light
circadian rhythm is managed by the _____ in the hypothalamus
suprachiasmatic nucleus
REM sleep vs non-REM sleep
rapid eye movement, majority of our time is spent in non-rem sleep
sleep latency:
when a person is beginning to fall asleep and ends when non-REM sleep is entered, time varies usually 10-40 minutes
Non-REM sleep is ____ to ____ of sleep time
75-80%
parasomnias:
unusual and often undesirable behaviors while falling asleep, transitioning between sleep stages, or during arousal from sleep. due to CNS activation
types of parasomnias:
sleep walking, sleep terrors, nightmares, sleep paralysis, sleep hallucinations
REM sleep:
20 to 25%, occurs 3 to 4x a night, greatly reduced skeletal muscle tone, and period when most vivid dreaming occurs
acute insomnia:
difficulty falling asleep or remaining asleep for at least 3 nights/week for less than a month
chronic insomnia:
same symptoms as acute, daytime symptoms that persist for 1 month or longer
ICU psychosis:
so many lights/alarms/procedures where a patient can’t determine whether it is day or night time.
alcohol ______ your amount of REM sleep, causing ____ sleep
decreases; fragmented
chronic insomnia:
often no known cause, stressful life event, psychiatric illness or medical condition, medications or substance abuse
diagnosis of insomnia:
self-report (most common), actigraphy, and polysomnography (PSG)
self-report:
sleep log for 2 weeks
actigraphy:
watch like device, worn on the wrist that can determine sleep and wake over a 14 day period
polysomnography:
sleep study
sedative-hypnotic drugs
drugs that depress CNS function, primarily used to treat anxiety and insomnia
benzodiazepines used specifically for sleep:
temazepam (restoril) and triazolam (halcion)
common benzodiazepines:
diazepam (valium), lorazepam (ativan), alprazolam (xanax)
adverse affects of benzodiazepines:
CNS depression, amnesia, sleep driving, paradoxical effects, respiratory depression, abuse
benzodiazepines have a reverse medication called __
flumazenil (romazicon)
decrease ____ light before bedtime
blue
sleep apnea:
lack of breathing while sleeping
severe apnea treatment:
CPAP, BiPAP, surgery
narcolepsy:
brain unable to regulate sleep-wake cycles normally, often go directly into REM sleep
low levels of ____ lead to difficulty staying awake
orexin
two types of narcolepsy:
type 1: cataplexy (loss of muscle control)
type 2: without cataplexy (do not have muscle loss/tone)
stage 1 of Non-rem
slow eye movements, can be easily aroused
stage 2 of non-rem
HR and temperature decrease, and where we spend most of our nights sleep
stage 3 of non-rem
deep or slow wave sleep, delta waves, parasomnias - difficult to awaken at this time
nurse awake for 17 hours equals same cognition as blood alcohol level ____ and awake for 24 hours or more is equivalent to BAC of ___
0.05%; 0.10%
