pharmacology quiz 2

Question 1

Pharmakon means

Answer 1

drug or poison

Question 2

kinesis means

Answer 2

motion

Question 3

process through the body

Answer 3

absorption, distribution, metabolism, then excretion

Question 4

pharmacokinetics is _____

Answer 4

how drugs move through the body

Question 5

drug coming into the body is ___

Answer 5

absorption

Question 6

most common way the drug is absorbed through the body is through the _____

Answer 6

GI tract

Question 7

our ____ is how that drug gets distributed

Answer 7

blood

Question 8

primary organ for metabolism

Answer 8

liver

Question 9

_____ do a little bit of metablism

Answer 9

kidney

Question 10

kidney excretes by how ____

Answer 10

urine

Question 11

liver excretes by how ___

Answer 11

bile

Question 12

____ of absorption determines how soon effects will take place

Answer 12

rate

Question 13

____ of drug determines how intense the effects will be

Answer 13

amount

Question 14

quicker drug dissolves, the quicker we see effects is known as ____

Answer 14

rate of dissolution

Question 15

larger the _____, the quicker the absorption of the drug

Answer 15

surface area

Question 16

patient’s who have better ____ ____ are going to have quicker/better absorption

Answer 16

blood flow

Question 17

if a drug is ____ _____, it is absorbed more quickly because our cellular membranes are made up of lipids

Answer 17

lipid solubility

Question 18

two major groups for route of administation

Answer 18

enteral gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) and parenteral (outside of the GI tract)

Question 19

enteral (GI tract)

Answer 19

oral (PO) medications

Question 20

parenteral (outside the GI tract)

Answer 20

is faster than through the GI tract, so IV, subcutaneous, intramuscular

Question 21

_____ is the fastest route of absorption

Answer 21

intravenous (IV)

Question 22

advantages of oral (PO)

Answer 22

safer than injections, ideal for self-administration, and is easy/convenient/inexpensive

Question 23

disadvantages of oral (PO)

Answer 23

can cause GI irritation, requires cooperative patient, inactivation, variability (each pt metabolizes drug differently)

Question 24

absorption pattern of oral (PO)

Answer 24

slow and variable

Question 25

barriers to absorption (oral)

Answer 25

epithelial lining of GI tract and capillary wall

Question 26

advantages of IV

Answer 26

rapid onset, control, permits use of large fluid volumes, and permits use of irritant drugs

Question 27

disadvantages of IV

Answer 27

high cost, difficulty, inconvenience, irreversibility, infection, high risk

Question 28

barriers to absorption of IV

Answer 28

none

Question 28

absorption pattern of IV

Answer 28

instantaneous and complete

Question 28

advantages of IM and subQ

Answer 28

can be used for poorly soluble drugs and can be used for depot preparations

Question 29

depot preparations means

Answer 29

when we give an IM injection one time and it activates for several months

Question 30

disadvantages of IM and subQ

Answer 30

discomfort, inconvenience, can cause muscle and nerve damage injury with improper technique, bleeding risk

Question 31

barriers to absorption for IM and subQ

Answer 31

none

Question 32

absorption pattern for IM and subQ

Answer 32

variable, water solubility, and blood flow

Question 33

when is parenteral administration is preferred?

Answer 33

emergencies, situations requiring tight control, GI incompatibility (drugs that are destroyed by GI system or cause GI injury), treatment with drugs cannot cross membranes, condition better treated with long-acting preparation, patients who cannot or will not take oral preperation

Question 34

_____ is the movement of drugs throughout the body and dependent on blood flow

Answer 34

distribution

Question 35

distribution process

Answer 35

blood flow to tissues, drugs ability to enter cells, and ability to exit the vascular system

Question 36

___ ____ is the enzymatic alteration of drug structure to a more water-soluble for that can be excreted

Answer 36

drug metabolism

Question 37

certain drugs that are completely metabolized by the liver the first time they pass through the liver

Answer 37

first-pass effect

Question 38

_____ is the removal of drugs through the body

Answer 38

excretion

Question 39

drugs and their metabolites can exit the body through

Answer 39

bile, urine/feces, sweat/saliva, breast milk, and expired air

Question 40

two important levels of monitoring of drug responses

Answer 40

minimum effective concentration (minimum point where a drug effects a patient) and toxic concentration (too high can kill a patient)

Question 41

therapeutic range (positive)

Answer 41

determines whether the drug can be given safely (between MEC and toxic concentration)

Question 42

drug half-life

Answer 42

amount of time for the % of drug in a body to decrease by 50%

Question 43

repeated dosing means

Answer 43

how a medication plateaus

Question 44

highest amount of drug in the body, 1-2 hours after the last dose is the ____

Answer 44

peak

Question 45

lowest amount of drug in body, seconds before next dosage

Answer 45

trough

Question 46

loading drug is ___

Answer 46

tapering drug

Question 47

pharmacodynamics is ___

Answer 47

force or power of drug

Question 48

relationship between the size of an administered dose and the intensity of the response produced is ___

Answer 48

dose-response relationship

Question 49

ED50 ___

Answer 49

average effective dose

Question 50

LD50 __

Answer 50

lethal effective dose

Question 51

minimum amount of drug needed to elicit a response

Answer 51

relative potency

Question 52

maximum response a drug can elicit

Answer 52

maximum efficacy

Question 53

intensifies the effects

Answer 53

potentiate

Question 54

Reduces the effects

Answer 54

inhibit

Question 55

effect not seen with single drug use

Answer 55

new response

Question 56

what fruit decreases metabolism of certain drugs, meaning drugs can stay in body longer

Answer 56

grapefruit

Question 57

empty stomach is when

Answer 57

1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal

Question 58

-erol

Answer 58

SABA- short acting beta-agonist

Question 59

fast acting/rescue inhaler

Answer 59

bronchodilator

Question 60

fluoroquinolones

Answer 60

levofloxacin (levaquin) or ciprofloxacin (cipro)

Question 61

fluoroquinolone is great for what?

Answer 61

bacterial respiratory infections

Question 62

side effects of fluoroquinolones?

Answer 62

joint pain, clostridium difficile, liver toxicity, renal failure, prolonged QT syndrome, and achilles tendon rupture

Question 63

corticosteroids

Answer 63

reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system

Question 64

corticosteroids you must never do what?

Answer 64

stop abruptly and requires weaning

Question 65

corticosteroids can decrease what swelling of ____

Answer 65

kidneys