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MODULE 1 > pharmacology quiz 2 > Flashcards

pharmacology quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Pharmakon means

A

drug or poison

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2
Q

kinesis means

A

motion

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3
Q

process through the body

A

absorption, distribution, metabolism, then excretion

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4
Q

pharmacokinetics is _____

A

how drugs move through the body

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5
Q

drug coming into the body is ___

A

absorption

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6
Q

most common way the drug is absorbed through the body is through the _____

A

GI tract

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7
Q

our ____ is how that drug gets distributed

A

blood

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8
Q

primary organ for metabolism

A

liver

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9
Q

_____ do a little bit of metablism

A

kidney

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10
Q

kidney excretes by how ____

A

urine

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11
Q

liver excretes by how ___

A

bile

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12
Q

____ of absorption determines how soon effects will take place

A

rate

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13
Q

____ of drug determines how intense the effects will be

A

amount

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14
Q

quicker drug dissolves, the quicker we see effects is known as ____

A

rate of dissolution

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15
Q

larger the _____, the quicker the absorption of the drug

A

surface area

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16
Q

patient’s who have better ____ ____ are going to have quicker/better absorption

A

blood flow

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17
Q

if a drug is ____ _____, it is absorbed more quickly because our cellular membranes are made up of lipids

A

lipid solubility

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18
Q

two major groups for route of administation

A

enteral gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) and parenteral (outside of the GI tract)

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19
Q

enteral (GI tract)

A

oral (PO) medications

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20
Q

parenteral (outside the GI tract)

A

is faster than through the GI tract, so IV, subcutaneous, intramuscular

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21
Q

_____ is the fastest route of absorption

A

intravenous (IV)

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22
Q

advantages of oral (PO)

A

safer than injections, ideal for self-administration, and is easy/convenient/inexpensive

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23
Q

disadvantages of oral (PO)

A

can cause GI irritation, requires cooperative patient, inactivation, variability (each pt metabolizes drug differently)

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24
Q

absorption pattern of oral (PO)

A

slow and variable

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25
Q

barriers to absorption (oral)

A

epithelial lining of GI tract and capillary wall

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26
Q

advantages of IV

A

rapid onset, control, permits use of large fluid volumes, and permits use of irritant drugs

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27
Q

disadvantages of IV

A

high cost, difficulty, inconvenience, irreversibility, infection, high risk

28
Q

barriers to absorption of IV

A

none

28
Q

absorption pattern of IV

A

instantaneous and complete

28
Q

advantages of IM and subQ

A

can be used for poorly soluble drugs and can be used for depot preparations

29
Q

depot preparations means

A

when we give an IM injection one time and it activates for several months

30
Q

disadvantages of IM and subQ

A

discomfort, inconvenience, can cause muscle and nerve damage injury with improper technique, bleeding risk

31
Q

barriers to absorption for IM and subQ

A

none

32
Q

absorption pattern for IM and subQ

A

variable, water solubility, and blood flow

33
Q

when is parenteral administration is preferred?

A

emergencies, situations requiring tight control, GI incompatibility (drugs that are destroyed by GI system or cause GI injury), treatment with drugs cannot cross membranes, condition better treated with long-acting preparation, patients who cannot or will not take oral preperation

34
Q

_____ is the movement of drugs throughout the body and dependent on blood flow

A

distribution

35
Q

distribution process

A

blood flow to tissues, drugs ability to enter cells, and ability to exit the vascular system

36
Q

___ ____ is the enzymatic alteration of drug structure to a more water-soluble for that can be excreted

A

drug metabolism

37
Q

certain drugs that are completely metabolized by the liver the first time they pass through the liver

A

first-pass effect

38
Q

_____ is the removal of drugs through the body

A

excretion

39
Q

drugs and their metabolites can exit the body through

A

bile, urine/feces, sweat/saliva, breast milk, and expired air

40
Q

two important levels of monitoring of drug responses

A

minimum effective concentration (minimum point where a drug effects a patient) and toxic concentration (too high can kill a patient)

41
Q

therapeutic range (positive)

A

determines whether the drug can be given safely (between MEC and toxic concentration)

42
Q

drug half-life

A

amount of time for the % of drug in a body to decrease by 50%

43
Q

repeated dosing means

A

how a medication plateaus

44
Q

highest amount of drug in the body, 1-2 hours after the last dose is the ____

A

peak

45
Q

lowest amount of drug in body, seconds before next dosage

A

trough

46
Q

loading drug is ___

A

tapering drug

47
Q

pharmacodynamics is ___

A

force or power of drug

48
Q

relationship between the size of an administered dose and the intensity of the response produced is ___

A

dose-response relationship

49
Q

ED50 ___

A

average effective dose

50
Q

LD50 __

A

lethal effective dose

51
Q

minimum amount of drug needed to elicit a response

A

relative potency

52
Q

maximum response a drug can elicit

A

maximum efficacy

53
Q

intensifies the effects

A

potentiate

54
Q

Reduces the effects

A

inhibit

55
Q

effect not seen with single drug use

A

new response

56
Q

what fruit decreases metabolism of certain drugs, meaning drugs can stay in body longer

A

grapefruit

57
Q

empty stomach is when

A

1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal

58
Q

-erol

A

SABA- short acting beta-agonist

59
Q

fast acting/rescue inhaler

A

bronchodilator

60
Q

fluoroquinolones

A

levofloxacin (levaquin) or ciprofloxacin (cipro)

61
Q

fluoroquinolone is great for what?

A

bacterial respiratory infections

62
Q

side effects of fluoroquinolones?

A

joint pain, clostridium difficile, liver toxicity, renal failure, prolonged QT syndrome, and achilles tendon rupture

63
Q

corticosteroids

A

reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system

64
Q

corticosteroids you must never do what?

A

stop abruptly and requires weaning

65
Q

corticosteroids can decrease what swelling of ____

A

kidneys

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