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MODULE 1 > OXYGENATION > Flashcards

OXYGENATION Flashcards

1
Q

poor oxygenation

A

decreased oxygen level in the blood

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2
Q

can be used to assess oxygen level

A

oxygen saturation

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3
Q

SpO2 or SAO2 measures what

A

how saturated hemoglobin are with oxygen (pulse oximetry)

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4
Q

hemoglobin is ___

A

molecule in blood that carries oxygen

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5
Q

normal oxygen saturation level

A

95% to 100%, but may see orders for keep O2 Sats above 92%

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6
Q

signs/symptoms of poor oxygenation

A

restlessness/confusion, decreased blood pressure, cool extremities, pallor or cyanosis of extremities, and slow capillary refill

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7
Q

when oxygen is inadequate to meet metabolic demands of the body we start to get ____ or ____

A

tissue ischemia or cell death

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8
Q

tissue ischemia

A

struggling for oxygen

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9
Q

cell death is called

A

necrosis

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10
Q

hypoxia

A

low oxygen in tissues

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11
Q

main clinical manifestation for early and late hypoxia

A

restlessness

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12
Q

alveoli are

A

air sacs where oxygen is exchanged

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13
Q

lung disease is influenced by

A

environmental, occupational, and personal

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14
Q

the ____ needs to be able to move freely

A

diaphragm

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15
Q

pulmonary diseases:

A

acute, chronic, obstructive, infectious, noninfectious, and restrictive

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16
Q

acute pulmonary disease

A

sudden onset, short period- bronchitis

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17
Q

chronic

A

asthma

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18
Q

obstructive

A

COPD

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19
Q

restrictive

A

pulmonary fibrosis, sarcoidosis

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20
Q

infectious

A

pneumonia

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21
Q

noninfectious

A

asthma, copd, pulmonary fibrosis

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22
Q

clinical manifestations of respiratory alterations:

A

cough (acute/chronic), dyspnea, chest pain, hemoptysis, altered breathing patterns, cyanosis, fever

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23
Q

hemoptysis is ___

A

cough up blood

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24
Q

cyanosis is best assessed

A

around fingertips and around mucus membrane of face

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25
Q

orthopnea

A

dyspnea when laying down

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26
Q

often occurs in heart and lung diseases that reduce amount of oxygen in the blood

A

clubbing in fingers

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27
Q

low levels of oxygen in the tissues and organs, hard to measure

A

hypoxia

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28
Q

low level of oxygen in the blood

A

hypoxemia

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29
Q

measure for hypoxemia with

A

pulse ox

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30
Q

symptoms of hypoxia

A

early: restlessness, anxiety, tachycardia/tachypnea

late: bradypnea, extreme restlessness, dyspnea

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31
Q

ventilation

A

act of exchanging oxygen for carbon dioxide

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32
Q

hypoventilation

A

breathing too shallow or too deep

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33
Q

causes of hypoventilation

A

anxiety, respiratory depression, mediations (opioids), sleep (normal process), decreased level of conciousness

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34
Q

if you are hypo-ventilating you are ____

A

hypercapnic

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35
Q

hypercapnia

A

building/holding on to CO2

36
Q

hyperventilation

A

breathing that is too rapid or too deep

37
Q

causes of hyperventilation

A

exercise, anxiety, and pain

38
Q

hypocapnia

A

low on CO2

39
Q

what color is good to see on an x-ray of lungs?

A

black = air

40
Q

atelectasis

A

collapsed air sacs (alveoli)

41
Q

prevention of atelectasis:

A

early ambulation, TCDB, incentive spirometry

42
Q

aspiration

A

passage of gastric contents (solid or fluid) into lungs, can cause aspiration pneumonia

43
Q

prevention of aspiration

A

assess patients ability to swallow, keep head of bed elevated with tube feedings, thorough lung assessment (minimum every 8 hours)

44
Q

assessment of respiratory rate

A

respiratory rate, use of accessory muscles, cyanosis, oxygen saturation, adventitious breath sounds, clubbing, dyspnea with activity

45
Q

crackles in lungs

A

fine crackles are very common, fluid in lungs, and coarse crackles

46
Q

wheezes

A

due to fluid or blockage, high pitch squeaking sounds. heard on expiration than inspiration

47
Q

rhonchi is

A

severe wheezes

48
Q

types of diagnostic testing

A

x-ray, sputum culture and sensitivity, MRI, CT scan, arterial blood gases, bronchoscopy, and thoracentesis

49
Q

what is thoracentesis?

A

needle that aspirates fluid out

50
Q

two things from doing a thoracentesis

A

remove fluid and send fluid off for testing

51
Q

promotion of lung expansion

A

position change (every 2 hours), keep upright, increase daily activities & ensure hydration, coughing exercises, and deep breathing (IS)

52
Q

post operative of lung expansion

A

IS, TCDB, splinting incision (abdominal incision)

53
Q

-erol

A

SABAs- short-acting beta agonist, stimulates beta- 2 adrenergic receptors, relaxing airway smooth muscle

54
Q

common reactions of albuterol

A

nervousness, tachycardia, headache, and throat irritation

55
Q

budesonide

A

LABA - long- acting beta agonist

56
Q

common reactions of budesonide

A

tachycardia, nervousness, palpations, oral candidiasis

57
Q

assessing patients on oxygen therapy

A

equipment, correct oxygen delivery device, flow rate is correct, respiratory assessment

58
Q

respiratory assessment for patients on oxygen therapy

A

vital signs, oxygen saturation, LOC and any signs or symptoms of hypoxia, and skin

59
Q

oxygen is a ____

A

medication and needs doctor orders

60
Q

flow meter

A

normal flowing is around 2L

61
Q

fraction of inspired oxygen

A

is percent of oxygen a person is inhaling

62
Q

room air FIO 2 is

A

21%

63
Q

with supplemental oxygen, FIO2 can reach

A

100%

64
Q

oxygen delivery for nasal cannula

A

usually no more than 4 LPM, up to 6 LPM. (2-3 lpm good starting point)

65
Q

FIO2 for nasal cannula is ___

A

24% to 44%

66
Q

disadvantage of a nasal cannula:

A

dries membrane and skin breakdown

67
Q

oxygen delivery for venturi mask

A

4 to 12 lpm

68
Q

FIO2 for venturi mask

A

24% to 60%

69
Q

advantage of a venturi mask

A

controls exact concentration of oxygen

70
Q

venturi mask is commonly used in ___

A

COPD patients

71
Q

FIO2 for non-breather mask

A

60-100% at 10-15 L for 100%

72
Q

non-breather masks has valves that ____

A

open during expiration and close during inhalation

73
Q

non-breather delivers ____ and treats

A

higher concentrations of oxygen and treat hypoxia

74
Q

face tent delivers ____%

A

28-100%

75
Q

flow rate of face tent

A

8-12 lpm

76
Q

documentation

A

date and time of oxygen initiated, method of delivery, flow rate in liters per minute, patient response to oxygen, condition of patient’s skin where device rests, respiratory assessment, and patient/family teaching

77
Q

oxygen toxicity can develop when a person breathes ____ % oxygen for > 12 hours

A

100%

78
Q

signs and symptoms of oxygen toxicity

A

pallor, sweating, nausea and vomiting, seizures, vertigo, muscle twitching, hallucinations, anxiety, chest pain, and dyspnea

79
Q

respiratory implications of allergic reactions

A

lacrimation, running nose, cough, red eyes, edema, vomiting, rash, redness, and sneezing

80
Q

respiratory implications of anaphylaxis

A

skin, respiratory, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, neurological

81
Q

oxygen may be titrated from ____ via nasal cannula

A

0-5 lpm

82
Q

all nasal cannula’s above 4 lpm will be ____

A

humidified

83
Q

oxygen may be titrated up to ____% for venturi mask

A

40%

84
Q

patient will be re-evaluated every ___ hours

A

24 hours

85
Q

oxygen therapy will be titrated and weaned for patients that are able to maintain a SpO2 of ____

A

90%

MODULE 1 (27 decks)

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