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MODULE 1 > elimination (2) > Flashcards

elimination (2) Flashcards

1
Q

defecation

A

process of waste elimination

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2
Q

feces

A

semisolid mass of fiber, undigested food, inorganic food

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3
Q

bowel elimination process:

A

fece material reaches rectum, stretch receptors initiate contraction of the sigmoid colon/rectal muscles, internal anal sphincter relaxes, sensory pulses cause bearing down, external sphincter relaxes

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4
Q

factors in bowel elimination

A

personal, hydration/nutrition, developmental stage, medication, surgery/procedures, pregnancy, exercise, and pathological conditions

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5
Q

what is the main factor of bowel elimination

A

hydration and nutrition

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6
Q

promoting normal bowel movement

A

nutrition, hydration, positioning/timing, privacy, and exercise

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7
Q

bristol stool scale

A

classifying of poop

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8
Q

valsalva manuever

A

process of bearing down, pushing on the vagus nerve, decreased blood pressure and rate and result in passing out

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9
Q

separate, hard lumps

A

constipation

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10
Q

sausage-like and lumpy

A

mild constipation

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11
Q

sausage-like with cracks on surface

A

healthy

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12
Q

smooth, snake shape

A

healthy

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13
Q

soft blob, clear-like edges

A

lack of fiber

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14
Q

fluffy and mushy, ragged edges

A

mild diarrhea

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15
Q

watery, entirely liquid

A

diarhhea

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16
Q

components of a complete bowel assessment

A

nursing history, physical assessment, review relevant test results, patient’s medical history, chewing ability, recent stressors/illnesses, and environmental situation

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17
Q

constipation

A

uncomfortable or infrequent bowel movements, hard stools

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18
Q

impaction

A

stool you can’t pass, constipation that has gone untreated

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19
Q

diarrhea

A

stool is more watery

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20
Q

incontinence

A

inability to control feces or urine

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21
Q

flatulence

A

gassy

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22
Q

hemorrhoids

A

ulcers, enlarged blood vessels - straining to poop

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23
Q

promoting normal BM

A

exercise, nutrition/hydration, positioning, timing (often after eating)

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24
Q

incontinence

A

inability to control urine or feces

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25
Q

void

A

to urinate

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26
Q

void

A

micturate

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27
Q

dysuria

A

painful or difficult urination

28
Q

hematuria

A

blood in urine

29
Q

nocturia

A

frequent night urination

30
Q

polyuria

A

large amounts of urine

31
Q

proteinuria

A

presence of large protein in urine

32
Q

urinary frequency

A

voiding at frequent intervals

33
Q

urinary urgency

A

need to void all at once

34
Q

hesitancy

A

difficulty initiating urination

35
Q

dribbling

A

leakage of urine despite the voluntary control of urination

36
Q

retention

A

accumulation of urine in bladder without the ability to completely empty

37
Q

residual

A

urine remaining post void > 100 mL

38
Q

______ stool, the patient feels the urge to go but unable to do so and liquid stool seeps out around the impaction

A

impacted

39
Q

involuntary constriction and relaxation of muscles of the intestine is _____

A

peristalsis

40
Q

what does fiber do for stool?

A

it absorbs water, swells, and softens hard stool

41
Q

at which site would the nurse obtain a sterile urinalysis from a client with an indwelling catheter?

A

tubing injection port

42
Q

cloudy urine indicates?

A

infection, sedimentation, or high levels of protein in the urine

43
Q

regulatory function of the kidneys is ____ and _____

A

acid-base function and fluid/electrolyte balance

44
Q

clarity of urine for hematuria

A

dark, smokey

45
Q

clarity of concentrated urine is

A

orange-amber

46
Q

____ stimulates secretion of aldosterone

A

hyperkalemia

47
Q

____ is associated with increased levels of ADH

A

hypochloremia

48
Q

____ will ____ urine volume and cause fluid retention

A

ADH, decrease

49
Q

what odor can indicate an UTI or possible renal failure

A

strong ammonia

50
Q

what physiological changes can occur with aging and cause stress incontinence

A

estrogen deficiency and weakening of the urinary sphincter

51
Q

on a residual urine test, you will instruct the patient to do what?

A

empty the bladder before a urinary catheter is inserted

52
Q

signs of rehydration include

A

increased urinary output and dilution of the urine, which results in decreased specific gravity

53
Q

monitoring what, is the most important in a patient with diarrhea

A

fluid and electrolyte balance

54
Q

if ADH is high, it

A

causes more water to be absorbed creating a high concentration by small volume of urine

55
Q

if ADH is low, it

A

causes more water to be excreted creating a large volume of urine

56
Q

ADH is produced by the

A

pituitary gland

57
Q

aldosterone is produced by the

A

adrenal gland

58
Q

aldosterone does what?

A

regulates water reabsorption and changes urine concentration by increasing sodium reabsorption and helps control secretion of potassium

59
Q

kidneys produce approximately how many mL an hour

A

50-60 mL

60
Q

normal voiding is typically how many times per day, depending on fluid intake

A

5-6x

61
Q

dark yellow urine is often indicative of

A

dehydration

62
Q

certain medications like ____ & ____ can cause orange urine

A

rifampin and phenazopyridine

63
Q

urine is ___ from consumption of aspargus

A

greenish

64
Q

promoting normal urination

A

provide privacy, assist with positioning, bladder schedule/toilet routines, fluids/nutrition, monitor for skin break down, kegel exercises

65
Q

characteristics of urine

A

color, clarity, and odor

66
Q

record ALL fluids -intake

A

semi-solid foods, ice chips, IV fluids, fluids, tube feeding, irrigations instilled and not immediately removed

67
Q

record ALL fluids - output

A

fluid loss via emesis (vomiting), urine output, diarrhea, and drainage from suction or wounds

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