pharmacology quiz 4

Question 1

Herbals- what an RN needs to know
major drawback:

Answer 1

may delay important diagnosis & treatment

Question 2

herbals & the RN: teach patients to look for products labeled ____

Answer 2

‘standardized’ - more likely to have accurate amounts and more purified form of the herb

Question 3

all of our vitamins and mineral supplements are not watched by the FDA - true or false

Answer 3

true

Question 4

to know if our supplements are a good product or not is watched by the _____

Answer 4

CGMP - current good manufacturing practices

Question 5

cannabis & CBD **

Answer 5

nausea or pain, stays in system for 30 days

Question 6

CBD is not regulated: true or false

Answer 6

true

Question 7

Ginko biloba:

Answer 7

avoid before surgery, can cause bleeding when used with anticoagulants

Question 8

garlic:

Answer 8

naturally known to lower BP/cholesterol, natural antibiotic - cause bleeding
- avoid before surgery
-drops sugars

Question 9

ginger root

Answer 9

used to treat nausea, joint pain, causes bleeding, irregular heart, lowers BP and sugar levels

Question 10

feverfew

Answer 10

migraine, prophylaxis, helps new moms milk come in, increased risk of bleeding, avoid in pregnant moms

Question 11

St. John’s Wort

Answer 11

do not use with other antidepressants
-serotonin syndrome

Question 12

valerian root:

Answer 12

calming or help with sleep, can make a patient drowsiness

Question 13

Kava:

Answer 13

relieves anxiety, promote sleep, and relaxes but cause liver damage. Illegal in U.S.

Question 14

ephedra:

Answer 14

used as a diet supplement & performance working drug, banned in the U.S., damaging to heart and CNS

Question 15

music _____ the levels of the stress hormone _____ and renders people less anxious

Answer 15

lowers; cortisol

Question 16

avoid ‘healers’ who:

Answer 16

promise immediate relief, state their way is the only sure way, refuse to work with health care providers, claim to have all the answers, use testimonials that claim amazing results

Question 17

vaccines for adults:

Answer 17

influenza, tetanus/diptheria (Td or Tdap), shingles, and pneumonia

Question 18

vaccine information statements:

Answer 18

required by CDC and law, must be given prior to vaccination and prior to every dose, regardless of age, available in over 40 languages

Question 19

documentation for vaccines:

Answer 19

edition date of the VIS- back right bottom corner, date VIS is provided, office address/name/title of person who administers, and vaccine manufacturer and lot #

Question 20

pharmacokinetics:

Answer 20

how the drug moves through the body

Question 21

pharmacodynamics:

Answer 21

how the drug affects the body

Question 22

HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (Statins)

Answer 22

atorvastatin (lipitor), simvasatin (zocor)

Question 23

side effects of statins:

Answer 23

decrease liver function/liver failure

Question 24

what are statins for:

Answer 24

reduce LDL and triglycerides

Question 25

beta blockers medications:

Answer 25

atenolol (tenormin), metoprolol (toprol, lopressor)

Question 26

what are indications for beta blockers:

Answer 26

hypertension, chest pain, and assists the workload of the heart

Question 27

side effects for beta blockers:

Answer 27

low HR & BP, dizziness, hides symptoms of hypoglycemia, do not stop abruptly, CHF

Question 28

ace inhibitor meds:

Answer 28

lisinopril (zestril), enalapril (vasotec), captopril (capoten)

Question 29

indications for Ace Inhibitors:

Answer 29

hypertension, heart failure (helps prevent the heart from remodeling)

Question 30

side effects of ace inhibitors

Answer 30

angioedema, dry cough, high potassium levels

Question 31

enteral (GI tract) medications are ___

Answer 31

oral

Question 32

parental (outside the GI tract)

Answer 32

IV, subQ, IM

Question 33

first pass effect:

Answer 33

certain drugs that are completely metabolized by the liver the first time they pass through the liver

Question 34

drug metabolism mainly takes place in ___

Answer 34

liver

Question 35

levels of drug responses:

Answer 35

MEC (minimum effective concentration), therapeutic range (drug safely given), toxic concentration (too high, can kill pt)

Question 36

peak is:

Answer 36

1-2 hours after the last dose, highest amount of drug in body

Question 37

trough is:

Answer 37

lowest amount of drug in the body, seconds before next dosage

Question 38

loading drug:

Answer 38

tapering drug, larger dose then lower then lower

Question 39

ED50 =

Answer 39

average effective dose

Question 40

LD50=

Answer 40

lethal effective

Question 41

relative potency:

Answer 41

minimum amount of drug needed to elicit a response

Question 42

new response of drug-drug interactions:

Answer 42

effect not seen with single drug alone

Question 43

inhibit:

Answer 43

reduce the effects

Question 44

potentiate:

Answer 44

intensifies the effects

Question 45

empty stomach for a drug means:

Answer 45

1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal

Question 46

SABA (rescue inhalers)

Answer 46

albuterol (proair, proventil, ventolin), levalbuterol, bronchodilator (fast acting)

Question 47

side effects of a SABA:

Answer 47

tachycardia, anxiety and tremors, and insomnia

Question 48

fluoroquinolones:

Answer 48

levofloxacin (levaquin), ciprofloxacin (cipro)

Question 49

indications for fluoroquinolones:

Answer 49

bacterial antibiotics, bacterial respiratory infections, can treat some strep/staph infections, UTI

Question 50

side effects of fluoroquinolones

Answer 50

joint pain, c-diff, liver toxicity, renal failure, prolonged QT syndrome, achilles tendon rupture

Question 51

corticosteroids:

Answer 51

prednisone, methylprednisone, hydrocortisone, inhaled corticosteroids

Question 52

indications for corticosteroids

Answer 52

reduce inflammation, suppress the immune system

Question 53

corticosteroids- tons of side effects:

Answer 53

increased appetite, weight gain, mood changes, GI irritation, restlessness

Question 54

idiosyncratic effect:

Answer 54

uncommon drug response

Question 55

paradoxical effect:

Answer 55

opposite of the intended drug response

Question 56

latrogenic disease:

Answer 56

result of medical care or treatment

Question 57

physical dependence:

Answer 57

body has adapted to drug exposure in such a way that abstinence syndrome happens

Question 58

synthetic thyroxine (T4) indication:

Answer 58

hypothyroidism

Question 59

synthetic thyroxine (T4) side effects

Answer 59

tachycardia, palpations, dyspnea on exertion, goiter

Question 60

proton pump inhibitors

Answer 60

pantoprazole, omeprazole, lansoprazole

Question 61

indications of proton pump inhibitors:

Answer 61

GERD, peptic ulcers, stress ulcer prophylaxis

Question 62

proton pump inhibitors side effects:

Answer 62

hypomagnesemia, c-diff, bone fracture, cutaneous lupus

Question 63

hydrocodone indications:

Answer 63

pain, cough