pharmacology quiz 4 Flashcards
Herbals- what an RN needs to know
major drawback:
may delay important diagnosis & treatment
herbals & the RN: teach patients to look for products labeled ____
‘standardized’ - more likely to have accurate amounts and more purified form of the herb
all of our vitamins and mineral supplements are not watched by the FDA - true or false
true
to know if our supplements are a good product or not is watched by the _____
CGMP - current good manufacturing practices
cannabis & CBD **
nausea or pain, stays in system for 30 days
CBD is not regulated: true or false
true
Ginko biloba:
avoid before surgery, can cause bleeding when used with anticoagulants
garlic:
naturally known to lower BP/cholesterol, natural antibiotic - cause bleeding
- avoid before surgery
-drops sugars
ginger root
used to treat nausea, joint pain, causes bleeding, irregular heart, lowers BP and sugar levels
feverfew
migraine, prophylaxis, helps new moms milk come in, increased risk of bleeding, avoid in pregnant moms
St. John’s Wort
do not use with other antidepressants
-serotonin syndrome
valerian root:
calming or help with sleep, can make a patient drowsiness
Kava:
relieves anxiety, promote sleep, and relaxes but cause liver damage. Illegal in U.S.
ephedra:
used as a diet supplement & performance working drug, banned in the U.S., damaging to heart and CNS
music _____ the levels of the stress hormone _____ and renders people less anxious
lowers; cortisol
avoid ‘healers’ who:
promise immediate relief, state their way is the only sure way, refuse to work with health care providers, claim to have all the answers, use testimonials that claim amazing results
vaccines for adults:
influenza, tetanus/diptheria (Td or Tdap), shingles, and pneumonia
vaccine information statements:
required by CDC and law, must be given prior to vaccination and prior to every dose, regardless of age, available in over 40 languages
documentation for vaccines:
edition date of the VIS- back right bottom corner, date VIS is provided, office address/name/title of person who administers, and vaccine manufacturer and lot #
pharmacokinetics:
how the drug moves through the body
pharmacodynamics:
how the drug affects the body
HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (Statins)
atorvastatin (lipitor), simvasatin (zocor)
side effects of statins:
decrease liver function/liver failure
what are statins for:
reduce LDL and triglycerides
beta blockers medications:
atenolol (tenormin), metoprolol (toprol, lopressor)
what are indications for beta blockers:
hypertension, chest pain, and assists the workload of the heart
side effects for beta blockers:
low HR & BP, dizziness, hides symptoms of hypoglycemia, do not stop abruptly, CHF
ace inhibitor meds:
lisinopril (zestril), enalapril (vasotec), captopril (capoten)
indications for Ace Inhibitors:
hypertension, heart failure (helps prevent the heart from remodeling)
side effects of ace inhibitors
angioedema, dry cough, high potassium levels
enteral (GI tract) medications are ___
oral
parental (outside the GI tract)
IV, subQ, IM
first pass effect:
certain drugs that are completely metabolized by the liver the first time they pass through the liver
drug metabolism mainly takes place in ___
liver
levels of drug responses:
MEC (minimum effective concentration), therapeutic range (drug safely given), toxic concentration (too high, can kill pt)
peak is:
1-2 hours after the last dose, highest amount of drug in body
trough is:
lowest amount of drug in the body, seconds before next dosage
loading drug:
tapering drug, larger dose then lower then lower
ED50 =
average effective dose
LD50=
lethal effective
relative potency:
minimum amount of drug needed to elicit a response
new response of drug-drug interactions:
effect not seen with single drug alone
inhibit:
reduce the effects
potentiate:
intensifies the effects
empty stomach for a drug means:
1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal
SABA (rescue inhalers)
albuterol (proair, proventil, ventolin), levalbuterol, bronchodilator (fast acting)
side effects of a SABA:
tachycardia, anxiety and tremors, and insomnia
fluoroquinolones:
levofloxacin (levaquin), ciprofloxacin (cipro)
indications for fluoroquinolones:
bacterial antibiotics, bacterial respiratory infections, can treat some strep/staph infections, UTI
side effects of fluoroquinolones
joint pain, c-diff, liver toxicity, renal failure, prolonged QT syndrome, achilles tendon rupture
corticosteroids:
prednisone, methylprednisone, hydrocortisone, inhaled corticosteroids
indications for corticosteroids
reduce inflammation, suppress the immune system
corticosteroids- tons of side effects:
increased appetite, weight gain, mood changes, GI irritation, restlessness
idiosyncratic effect:
uncommon drug response
paradoxical effect:
opposite of the intended drug response
latrogenic disease:
result of medical care or treatment
physical dependence:
body has adapted to drug exposure in such a way that abstinence syndrome happens
synthetic thyroxine (T4) indication:
hypothyroidism
synthetic thyroxine (T4) side effects
tachycardia, palpations, dyspnea on exertion, goiter
proton pump inhibitors
pantoprazole, omeprazole, lansoprazole
indications of proton pump inhibitors:
GERD, peptic ulcers, stress ulcer prophylaxis
proton pump inhibitors side effects:
hypomagnesemia, c-diff, bone fracture, cutaneous lupus
hydrocodone indications:
pain, cough
