Sleep Flashcards
Are the circadian rhythm dependent on sleep deprivation?
No
What can make the circadian rhythm shift?
Jet lag, or sleep disorders
What are some sleep disorders?
Delayed sleep phase disorder, advanced sleep phase disorder, non-24 h CR disorder and irregular sleep-wake disorder
What receptor stimulate sleep upon activation, and where are they located?
A2A adenosine receptors, in the preoptic nucleus
What does caffeine bind to, and what happens?
Blocks A2A-Rs
What are SNIPPs, and where are they found?
Sleep-need-index-phospho-proteins
Found in synapses
What are the function of SIK3?
Phosphorylates SNIPPs
What is ARAS?
Ascending reticular activating system
–> awake activity
What are the key NTs in ARAS?
Hcrt, NE, 5-HT, His and Ach (all increase)
What nucleus mediates sleep?
The ventrolateral preoptic nucleus
What are the key NTs affecting the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus?
Hcrt, NE, 5-HT, His (all decrease), GABA (increase)
What is hypocretin/orexin, and what does it induce and stabilize?
It’s a neuropeptide inducing and stabilizing wakefulness
(produced in the hypothalamus)
Where is the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus located, and where does is project to?
Located in the hypothalamus, projects to the cortex - loop between thalamus and cortex, aka. thalamocortical loop
What does narkoleptic patients lack?
Hypocretin
What are spindles, and what are they related to?
A specific type of brain oscillations during non-REM sleep 2, related to memory
What are the sleep stages?
REM, NREM1-3
In which sleep stage do we see the biggest/slowest oscillations?
NREM3 (N3)
How does sleep deprivation affect self-evaluation?
It worsens (we think we do better)
What happens to synapses during sleep?
They shrink: homeostasis
What are the (still controversial) system believed to “wash” the brain druing sleep called?
The glymphatic system
What sleep stage are shown to affect creativity, and how so?
REM, improves
