Cortical control of movements

Question 1

What are the premotor cortex and parietal cortex involved in?

Answer 1

Sensori-motor control: prediction of sensory consequences of movement

Question 2

What are the frontal motor areas?

Answer 2

Pre suplementary motor area (SMA), SMA, cingulate

Question 3

Describe the preSMA.

Answer 3

• cognitive, sensory and motivational prerequisits for motor behavior
• visuomotor associations
• connections: prefrontal cortex –> cingulate cortex, parietal cortex

Question 4

Describe SMA.

Answer 4

• related to motor aspects of tasks
• connection: –> M1 and spinalcord

Question 5

Describe the caudal part dorsal premotor cortex.

Answer 5

• direct projections: –> M1 and spinal cord
• motor functions, set and movement related activity, movement preparations + generations
• connections from parietal areas convey info for hand movements

Question 6

Describe the rostral part dorsal premotor cortex.

Answer 6

• connections: prefrontal cortex and reticular formation –>
• cognitive functions, sensory cued activity
• connections from parietal areas convey infor for eye movements

Question 7

Describe the ventral premotor cortex.

Answer 7

• imitation and observation of finger movements, silent overt speech and precision grip
• connections: –> spinal cord and M1, prefrontal cortex –>

Question 8

What does stimulation of the parietal cortex elicit?

Answer 8

Conscious intention of movement

Question 9

When are the neurons in motor cortical areas active?

Answer 9

In preparation, in relation to execution or both

Question 10

What are activity in the supplementary motor area required for?

Answer 10

Complex movements

Question 11

What are the dorsal parietal stream and the ventral temporal stream associated with?

Answer 11

Dorsal: where
Ventral: what

Question 12

How does the parital neurons in the dorsal stream code extra-personal space (e.g., a spoon)?

Answer 12

As if it was part of self

Question 13

How does the motor cortex project to the spinal cord?

Answer 13

Both directly through the corticospinal tract, and indirectly through the brain stem nuclei

Question 14

Describe the primary motor cortex.

Answer 14

• subdivisions: 4a and 4p
• function: execution of movements, population coding of movement direction
• connections:
  –> motor neurons in spinal cord, corticospinal tract
  S1, PMd, SMA, CMA, BA5, cerebellum, thalamus, BG –>