Host responses in the infected brain Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the phenotypic changes following T-cell activation.

A
  • increased expression of adhesion molecules on endothelium at site of infection –> stable binding of activated T-cells
  • effector T-cells enter peripheral tissues
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2
Q

What are some of the distant effects of respiratory tract infection on the hypothalamic oligodendrocytes?

A
  • up-regulation of diverse transport processes during early and accute infection
    –> development of a specific subcluster at acute infection
    –> metabolic and NT support
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3
Q

What are some of the distant effects of respiratory tract infection on the hypothalamic neurons?

A
  • long term inhibition of metabolic processes, protein translation and apoptotic processes
    –> protective processes to avoid viral entry and replication
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4
Q

What are some of the distant effects of respiratory tract infection on the hypothalamic astrocytes?

A
  • potentially mildly affected by glucocorticoids
  • activation of oxidoreductase systems
    –> development of a specific subcluster at acute infection
    –> NT regulation via glutamate release/uptake
    –> regulation of microglia activation states via OR system
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5
Q

What are some of the distant effects of respiratory tract infection on the hypothalamic microglia?

A
  • increased transcription of proinflammatory genes and cell-to-cell communication genes
  • decreased transcription of complement system, microglia state genes and protein synthesis
    –> surviallance and communication with surrounding tissues and cell populations
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6
Q

Mention an important chemokine and its receptor for immunerepsone in viral infections. What cells are the predominant producers of this?

A

Chemokine: CXCL10
R: CXCR3
Predominant producer: CXCL10

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7
Q

Which molecule induce CXCL10 production?

A

IFN-alpha/beta

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8
Q

What are SOCS1/3 and what are they associated with?

A

Suppressor of cytokine signal 1/3
An upregulation of these are associated with virus-induced inflammation

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9
Q

What are the two pathways of SOCS upregulation?

A
  • one which involves T-cells and IFN-gamma
  • one which are T-cells and IFN-gamma independent
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10
Q

What are the rules for T-cell accumulation in the CNS?

A
  • initial recruitment is non-specific and inflammation driven
  • local antigen encounter augments accumulation of antigen-specific T-cells
  • following resolution tissue-resident memory T-cells persist in the tissue
  • triggering of these forms a first line of defense to reinfection
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