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Neuroscience 1: cells and circuits > Forebrain > Flashcards

Forebrain Flashcards

1
Q

What does the forebrain constitute of?

A

Diencephalon and telencephalon

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2
Q

What are the subdivisions of the diencephalon?

A

Thalamus, hypothalamus and epithalamus (with pineal gland and habenula)

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3
Q

Describe the structures of the ventral surface of the diencephalon.

A

Optic nerve, optic chiasm, pituitary stalk, mammillary bodies

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4
Q

What is the largest part of the diencephalon?

A

The thalamus (gray metter)

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5
Q

What structure is the thalamus part of forming?

A

The lateral wall of the 3rd ventricle

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6
Q

True or false: the thalamus consists of one big nuclus.

A

False: is divided into seperate groups of nuclei, e.g., medial, anterior, lateral and metathalamus

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7
Q

What does the internal capsule cover, and what is it?

A

White matter.
anterior limb, genu and posterior limb

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8
Q

What are the corona radiata, and where is it located?

A

Thalamo-cortical fibers, located superior to the internal capsule

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9
Q

Where is the internal capsule located?

A

Surrounding the thalamus.

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10
Q

Which is the most caudal: the epi- or the hypothalamus?

A

Epithalamus

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11
Q

Describe the subdivisions of the hypothalamus.

A

From most rostral to most caudal: Supraoptic area, tuberal area and mammillary area

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12
Q

How would you identify a coronal section of the supraoptic area compared to the tuberal?

A

By the optic chiasm under the third ventricle

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13
Q

What are the functions of the nucleus paraventricularis?

A

Endocrine and autonomic

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14
Q

What are the function of the suprachiasmatic nucleus?

A

Circadian rhythm

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15
Q

What are the function of the supraoptic nucleus?

A

endocrine

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16
Q

Where are the hormones produced by hypothalamic neurons transported to?

A

The pituitary

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17
Q

Where does the hypothalamus get input from?

A

Sensort input from inner organs, the retina (circadian rhythm), the limbic system

18
Q

Where does the hypothalamus signal to?

A

The limbic system, the autonomic nervous system, and the pituitary

19
Q

What does the pineal gland do?

A

Produce melatonin during nighttime

20
Q

What is the pineal gland part of?

A

The epithalamus

21
Q

What is the cerebral cortex?

A

The superficial part of the telencephalon

22
Q

What are the subdivisions of the telencephalon?

A

The basal ganglia and the cerebral cortex

23
Q

How many lobes are the hemipheres divided into?

A

4: the parietal-, frontal-, temporal- and the occipital lobe

24
Q

What are the gyrus located above the corpus callosum called?

A

cingulate gyrus

25
Q

What are the three motor areas of the frontal lobe?

A

Prefrontal cortex, promotor- and primary motor cortex

26
Q

What are the three sensory areas of the cerebral cortex, and where are they located?

A

Somatosensory- (parietal), primary auditory- (temporal) and primary visual cortex (occiptal)

27
Q

How many layers does most parts of the cerebral cortex contain (the neocortex)?

A

6

28
Q

What is the insula?

A

A cortical area deep in the lateral sulcus

29
Q

What is the hippocampus?

A

A small allocortical part of the cerebral cortex

30
Q

What shape does the hippocampus resemble?

A

A seahorse

31
Q

Which ventricle are located above the hippocampus?

A

The lateral ventricle

32
Q

Where are the human hippocampus located, and where are the rat hippocampus located?

A

Human: Ventral part of the telencephalon
Rat: More dorsal part of the telencephalon

33
Q

What are some of the connections of the hippocampus?

A

Basal ganglia (through fornix), mammillary body

34
Q

Where is the fornix located, and what is it shaped like?

A

Above the thalamus, shaped like a C

35
Q

What are the olfactory bulbs a part of?

A

The cerebral cortex

36
Q

What is the basal ganglia?

A

Large nuclei deep in the telencephalon

37
Q

Describe the classical subdivision of the BG.

A

Striatum: caudate nucleus + putaman
Lentiform nucleus: putaman + globus pallidus

38
Q

What does the classical BG control?

A

Complex motor functions

39
Q

Describe the classical BG pathway of complex motor functions.

A

Motor cortex –> striatum –> globus pallidus –> thalamus –> motor cortex –> corticospinal tract –> spinal cord

40
Q

Where is the amygdala located?

A

Rostral to the hippocampus

41
Q

Describe the basal forebrain.

A

Nucleus accumbens, nucleus basalis and septal nuclei

42
Q

Describe the limbic forebrain.

A

Hippocampus, fornix, thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala

Neuroscience 1: cells and circuits (42 decks)

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