Cells of the NS

Question 1

What is the ratio of glial:neurons in the entire brain?

Answer 1

1:1

Question 2

What is the ratio of neurons:glial in the cortex?

Answer 2

1:4

Question 3

What is the ratio of neurons:glial in the cerebellum?

Answer 3

4:1

Question 4

What is the staining for white matter called?

Answer 4

Weigert stain

Question 5

What is the staining for gray matter called?

Answer 5

Mulligan stain

Question 6

What are the four morphological classes of neurons called?

Answer 6

Uni-, pseudouni-, bi- and multipolar

Question 7

What is the staining for perikarya called?

Answer 7

Nissl stain

Question 8

What is another (histological) staining for white matter called?

Answer 8

Klüwer-Barrera stain

Question 9

What can you use to stain the whole neuron?

Answer 9

Silver-based bodian stain

Question 10

How does the perikaryon differ in motorneurons to the skeletal muscles and to the autonomic system?

Answer 10

Bigger to the skeletal muscles

Question 11

What are some of the classifications of NTs?

Answer 11

Small molecules: acetylcholine + aminoacids (GABA, glutamate)

Monoamines: dopa, NE, E, 5-HT

Peptides

Question 12

What is NeuN?

Answer 12

A protein only found in neurons –> marker of neurons

Question 13

What subtypes of glialcells are found in the CNS?

Answer 13

Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia and ependymal cells

Question 14

What are the main function of oligodendocytes?

Answer 14

Forming the myelin sheaths around the axons

Question 15

What are the main functions of astrocytes?

Answer 15

Mechanical support, transmitter metabolism, scar tissue following injury, and radial glial during development

Question 16

What are the main function of microglia?

Answer 16

Immune cell of CNS

Question 17

What are dopamin broken down to?

Answer 17

Melanin (why substansia nigra is called that)

Question 18

What are you targeting, if you want to stain a specific type of neurotransmitter neuron?

Answer 18

Either the NT or the enzymes involved in the synthesis (it’s hard to produce NT ABs, as NTs are the same in all mammals, but the enzymes differ)

Question 19

What are brain tumors made of?

Answer 19

Glial cells (neurons can’t proliferate)

Question 20

What is choroid plexus?

Answer 20

A structure present in all ventricles, producing the cerebrospinal fluid

Question 21

Where are ependymal cells found?

Answer 21

Lining the ventricles

Question 22

What are the organs without a BBB called, and what are some examples of these?

Answer 22

Circumventricular organs: the pineal gland, the posterior pituitary

Question 23

How many meninges covers the brain, and what are they called?

Answer 23

3:
- Dura (outer)
- Arachnoid
- Pia (inner)
(a 4th has been identified)

Question 24

What are the function of the arachnoid meninx?

Answer 24

Bridging over surface irregularities

Question 25

What are the function of the pia meninx?

Answer 25

Closely attacthed to brain surface

Question 26

What are the space between the arachnoid and pia called, and what is it filled with?

Answer 26

Subrarachnoid space, filled with cerebrospinal fluid

Question 27

What are the cells corresponding to oligodendrocytes in the PNS called?

Answer 27

Schwann cells