sleep Flashcards
sleep is; -5
~physiological process
~ body rest cycle
~associated with recumbency and immobility
~lacks conscious awareness but easily awakens
~essential for healthy functioning and survival
sleep disturbance
conditions of poor sleep quality
sleep disorders
Abnormalities unique to sleep
sleep-wake cycle
controlled by the brain, wake behavior
reticular activating system (RAS)
sensory stimuli within the cerebral cortex, regulates sleep-wake cycle
orexin
keeps you awake
four functions of RAS
~motor
~sensory
~visceral
~consciousness
the circadian rhythm is managed by the __________ in the ____________
suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), hypothalamus
SCN is synchronized through __________ in the _____________
light detectors, retina
sleep latency
starts when eyes are closed for sleep and ends when non-rem sleep is entered
NREM sleep
75%-80% of sleep time, three stages
stage one of NREM
slow eye movements
stage two of NREM
HR and temperature decrease
stage three of NREM
deep or slow wave sleep, delta waves, parasomnias
parasomnias
Unusual and often undesirable behaviors while falling sleep, transitioning between sleep stages, or during arousal from sleep, due to CNS activation
different parasomnias -5
~sleepwalking
~sleep terrors
~nightmares
~sleep paralysis
~sleep hallucinations
REM sleep -4
~20-25% of sleep cycle
~occurs 3 to 4 times a night
~greatly reduced skeletal muscle tone
~period when most vivid dreaming occurs
middle age and sleep -4
~more stage shifts
~resistant to sleep deprivation
~increased awakenings
~changes in sleep efficiency
older age and sleep
go to bed earlier and arise earlier
sleep disturbances in the hospital -3
~environmental sleep-disruptive factors
~psychoactive medications
~acute and critical illness
insomnia symptoms -4
~difficulty falling asleep
~difficulty staying asleep
~waking up too early
~complaints of waking up feeling unrefreshed
acute insomnia
difficulty falling asleep or remaining asleep for at least three nights a week for less than a month
chronic insomnia
same symptoms as acute, daytime symptoms that persist for one month or longer
chronic insomnia etiology -4
~often no known cause
~stressful life event
~psychiatric illness or medical condition
~medications or substance abuse
Insomnia diagnosis -3
~self-report
~actigraphy
~polysomonography
actigraphy
watch like device worn on the wrist that can determine sleep and wake period over a 14 day period
insomnia causes -7
~psychiatric
~medical illness, medication
~stress
~substances
~excercise
~age, gender
~travel
insomnia treatment -3
~begin with least invasive
~cognitive behavioral therapy
~counseling
sedative-hypnotic drugs -4
~drugs that depress CNS function
~primarily used to treat anxiety and insomnia
~antianxiety agents or anxiolytics
~distinction between antianxiety effects and hypnotic effects depends on dosage
Benzodiazepines -5
~used to treat anxiety and insomnia
~used to induce general anesthesia
~used to manage seizure disorders, muscle spasms, panic disorder, and alcohol withdrawal
~potential for abuse
~can produce physical dependence
insomnia nursing assessment -5
~ sleep history
~ assess diet, caffeine, and alcohol intake
~ ask about sleep aids
~sleep diary for two weeks
~medical factors that affect sleep
insomnia nursing diagnosis -3
~sleep deprivation
~disturbed sleep pattern
~readiness for enhanced sleep
insomnia nursing implementation -2
~assume primary role in teaching sleep hygiene
~teach patient about sleep medications
sleep hygiene -4
~decrease caffeine intake
~bedtime routine
~decreased blue light before bedtime
~reduce light and noise
complications in respiratory and sleep problems can result in -5
~hypertension
~cardiac changes
~poor concentration
~impotence
~depression
apnea is
cessation of spontaneous respirations for longer than 10 seconds
apnea obstructions may last form ___ to ___ seconds
10 to 90
clinical signs and symptoms of sleep apnea -7
~frequent arousal during sleep
~insomnia
~excessive daytime sleepiness
~witnessed apneic episodes
~loud snoring
~morning headaches
~irritability
risk factors of sleep apnea -6
~obesity
~over the age of 65
~neck circumference >17 in.
~craniofacial abnormalities that affect the upper airway
~smokers
~more common in men than women before menopause
polysomnography
sleep study
mild sleep apnea treatment -5
~sleeping on ones side
~elevating head of bed
~avoiding sedatives 3-4 hours before sleep
~weight loss
~oral appliance
severe sleep apnea treatment -3
~CPAP {possible compliance issues}
~BiPAP
~Surgery {UPPP or GAHM}
sleep apnea patient teaching -7
~explain benefits of losing weight
~explain benefits of sleeping on side
~explain need to avoid sedatives
~stress reduction
~stress importance of exercise
~avoid smoking
~self imagine disturbance
sleep apnea discharge planning -3
~case manager {need for equipment}
~nutritional consult
~spiritual consult
sleep apnea nursing diagnosis -4
~anxiety
~insomnia
~imbalenced nutrition
~knowledge deficit
narcolepsy -3
~brain unable to regulate sleep-wake cycles normally
~causes uncontrollable urges to sleep, often go directly into REM sleep
~unknown cause
two types of narcolepsy
type one: with cataplexy
type two: without cataplexy
symptoms of narcolepsy -3
~sleep paralysis
~cataplexy
~fragmented nighttime sleep
narcolepsy nursing management -5
~teach about sleep and sleep hygiene
~take naps
~avoid heavy meals and alcohol
~ensure patient safety
~lifestyle changes
narcolepsy drug therapy
wake-promotion drugs {modafinil and armodafinil}
older age is associated with… -4
~overall shorter total sleep time
~decrease sleep efficiency
~more awakenings
~insomnia symptoms
nurse fatigue -3
~inadequate sleep
~extended work hours
~increased risk for errors
nurse fatigue management -5
~take at least one break in addition to lunch break
~use caffeine therapeutically
~nutrition of complex carbs and protein
~exercise
~don’t drink alcohol
shift work sleep disorder -2
~insomnia
~excessive sleepiness
sleep is; -5
~physiological process
~ body rest cycle
~associated with recumbency and immobility
~lacks conscious awareness but easily awakens
~essential for healthy functioning and survival
