immunity Flashcards
immunity definition
a physiologic process that provides an individual with protection or defense from disease
responds to threats on an individualized basis
immunity
produced by prior exposure or antibody production
acquired immunity
genetically determined, no prior exposure
innate immunity
produced by antibodies that develop in response to antigens
active immunity
produced by transfer of antibodies from another person
passive immunity
develops after exposure to antigens in the environment
naturally acquired immunity
develops after administration of antigen to prevent disease
induced active immunity
conferred by administration of antibodies to combat infection
induced passive immunity
conferred by the transfer of maternal antibodies across the placenta or in breast milk
natural passive immunity
good ________ can influence immunity positively
nutrition
5 attributes of immunity
normal WBC & differential counts
neg. bacterial and viral cultures
soft non-tender lymph nodes
recognition of self
recognition of foreign proteins
what is an antigen
proteins that induce an immune response when they enter the body
_______ can be found in microorganisms, vaccines, transplanted organs, allergens
antigens
inflammation is-
the cellular response to injury, infection, or irritation
inflammatory response is a -
non-specific response to something that is harmful to the body
________ plays a role in many chronic diseases
inflammation
allergic response is-
a hypersensitive immune reaction to a substance that normally is harmless or would not cause an immune response to everyone
Iron, zinc, copper, selenium, and vitamins are all -
micronutrients
stimulates production, function, and movement of leukocytes
Vitamin C
limits inflammatory response promoted by specific T cell types
Vitamin D
helps maintain the structural and functional integrity of mucosal cells in innate barriers
Vitamin A
antioxidant and protects the integrity of cell membranes
Vitamin E
helps regulate inflammation
B6
facilitates production of T lymphocytes
B12
Maintains innate immunity and has roles in cell immunity
folate
maintains skin and mucosal membrane integrity
zinc
forms highly toxic hydroxyl radicals involved in killing bacteria
iron
antimicrobial properties; has roles in both T cell proliferation, antibody production, and cellular immunity
copper
involved in T lymphocyte proliferation, humoral system and immunoglobulin production
selenium
compromised immune function leads to -
increased risk of infection
stress hormone that suppresses the immune system
Corticosteroids
stress can result in decreased _______
T cells
exercise increases _______ and lowers ________
T-cells, inflammation
in older adults ______ respond less quickly to antigens
t-cells
nursing interventions -5
nutrition
hygiene
immunization
adequate rest and exercise
educate
