Oxygenation Flashcards
poor oxygenation
decreased oxygen level in the bloood
oxygen saturation
assess the oxygen level
SpO2 or SaO2
the measure of how saturated hemoglobin is with oxygen
ideal oxygen levels
95-100%
reasons for poor oxygenation
blocked airway, blockage in blood, low blood levels
an early sign of poor oxygenation
restlessness
why do people with poor oxygenation get restless?
because oxygenated blood is not making its way to the brain
when oxygen delivery is unable to meet the metabolic demands of the body
tissue ischemia and cell death
tissue ischemia
when tissue is striving for oxygen
when your blood doesn’t carry enough oxygen to the tissues to meet the body’s needs
hypoxia
hypoxia
low oxygen in your bodies tissues
what are the 4 things lung disease is influenced by?
environmental, occupational, personal, social habits
a common definition of pneumonia
fluid in the lungs
what are manifestations of someone struggling with poor oxygenation
cough, chest pain, dyspnea, abnormal sputum, hemoptysis, altered breathing patterns, cyanosis, fever
dyspnea
shortness of breath, feeling like you can’t get a full breath
why do you get chest pain
because oxygenated blood is not making
why do you get chest pain?
because oxygenated blood is not making its way to the heart
tachypnea
fast/rapid breathing
bradypnea
slow breathing
cyanosis
blueish discoloration of skin or mucus membranes
orthopnea
dyspnea when laying flat
when does clubbing occur
when a person has low oxygen levels in the blood
hypoxia
low levels of oxygen in the tissues and the organs
hypoxemia
low levels of oxygen in the blood
hypoventilation
breathing too shallow or too slow to meet the body’s needs for oxygen
hyperventilation
breathing that’s too rapid or too deep, breathing exceeds the body’s metabolic demands
Respiratory depression
decreased respiratory effort, not breathing adequately
what happens to a person’s CO2 levels when they are hypoventilating
hypercapnia
hypercapnia
increased CO2 levels
what happens to a person’s CO2 levels when they are hyperventilating
hypocapnia
hypocapnia
decreased levels of CO2
atelectasis
collapsed air sacs (alveoli)
what are some ways you can prevent atelectasis?
early ambulation, turn, cough, deep breaths, incentive spirometry
aspiration
passage of gastric contents into the lungs
what can aspiration cause
aspiration pneumonia
3 ways to prevent aspiration
-asses patient’s ability to swallow
-keep head elevated with eating or receiving tube feedings
-thorough lung assessment
fine crackle sounds
a little fluid in the lungs
coarse crackle sounds
a lot of fluid in the lungs
wheeze sounds
more common on expiration than inspiration
albuterol
Bronchodilator
when is albuterol given to a patient
as a rescue inhaler for acute difficulty breathing
some side effects of albuterol
Nervousness, tachycardia, heat ache, throat irritation
symbicort
corticosteroid/bronchodilator
why is symbicort given to a patient
for prevention of asthma attacks and COPD
some side effects of sybicort
tachycardia, nervousness, palpitations, oral candidiasis
what must the patient do after using a symbicort inhaler
rinse out mouth and spit
FIO2
fraction of inspired oxygen, % of oxygen a person is inhaling at any given time
room air FIO2
21%
nasal cannula
up to 6L/min
Disadvantages of a nasal cannula
dries membranes, skin breakdown
advantages of nasal cannula
safe, simple, easily tolerated, increased mobility
non-rebreather mask
delivers a higher concentration of oxygen, treats hypoxia, face mask with a reservoir, 60-100% FIO2
venturi mask
4-12 L/min
advantages of venturi mask
controls exact concentration of oxygen
Disadvantages of venturi mask
hot, confining, interferes with eating and talking
face tent
8-12L/min
advantages of a face tent
alternative for claustrophobia, not confining
disadvantages of a face tent
difficult to control concentration of oxygen
