GI elimination Flashcards
elimination
excretion of waste products from kidneys and intestines
defecation
process of elimination of waste
feces
semisolid mass of fiber, undigested food, inorganic matter
incontinence
inability to control urine or feces
void or micturate
to urinate
dysuria
painful or difficult urination
hematuria
blood in urine
nocturia
Frequent night urination
polyuria
large amounts of urine
urinary frequency
voiding at frequent intervals
urinary urgency
the need to void at once
proteinuria
Presence of large protein in urine
hesitancy
difficulty initiating urination
dribbling
leakage of urine despite voluntary control of urination
retention
Accumulation of urine in bladder without the ability to compleatly empty
residual
urine remaining post void >100ml
bowel elimination process -5
- fecal material reaches the rectum
- stretch receptors initiate contraction
- internal anal sphincter relaxes
- sensory impulses cause voluntary
- external sphincter relaxes
bowel elimination process -5
- fecal material reaches the rectum
- stretch receptors initiate contraction
- internal anal sphincter relaxes
- sensory impulses cause voluntary
- external sphincter relaxes
valsalva maneuver
creating pressure in the abdomen while trying to poop. “bearing down”
developmental stage
bowel elimination patters change throughout the life span
______ has a major influence on bowel elimination
stress
__________ ________ can cause diarrhea or constipation
sociocultural factors
regular intake of food promotes ________
Peristalsis
irregular nutrition schedule =
Irregular bowel elimination
patients with limited activity often experience __________
constipation
all oral meds. have the potential to affect the function of the _________
GI tract
what happens with bowel elimination during pregnancy -3
-morning sickness
-slowing of intestinal motility
-risk of hemorrhoids
general overall goal
soft, formed, regular bowel movements and no nausea, bloating, or vommiting
promoting regular defecation -6
-privacy
-correct position
-timing
-fluid intake
-proper diet
-exercise
flexi-seal rectal tube
inserted into the rectum, connected to a collection bag, for use with severe incontinence
how to maintain fluid balance in the body
regulating the amount of make-up of the fluids inside and around the cells
where is ADH produced
pituitary gland
if ADH is high;
causes more water to be absorbed creating a high concentration but small volume of urine
if ADH is low;
causes more water to be excreted creating a larger volume of urine
where is aldosterone produced
adrenal gland
what does aldosterone do
regulates water reabsorption and changes urine concentration by increasing sodium reabsorption
how many mL of urine do the kidneys produce in a day
1500mL
normal voiding
5-6 times per day
specific gravity
measure of dissolved solutes in a solution
if urine solutes increase-
specific gravity increases
normal specific gravity
1.002-1.003
condom catheter
applied to the tip of the penis and attached to a collection bag
purewick
lays between the labia and attached to a suction device
foley
inserted into the bladder and attached to a collection bag
promoting normal urination -5
-privacy
-assist with positioning
-facilitate toileting routines
-promote adequate fluid and nutrition
-assist with hygiene as needed
characteristics of urine -3
-color
-clarity
-odor
intake fluids include -6
-semi-liquid fluids
-ice chips
-fluids
-IV fluids
-tube feeding
-irrigations not immediately removed
output fluids include -4
-fluid loss via emesis
-urine output
-diarrhea
-drainage from suction or wounds
