pharmacology lecture 1 Flashcards
drug
chemical that can affect living process
phamacology
study of drugs and their interactions with living systems
clinical pharmacology
study of drugs in humans
therapeutics
use of drug to diagnose, prevent, or treat diseases, or avoid pregnancy
provide ___ benefit, doing ___ harm
Max, min
effectiveness
drug is effective in helping the patient
selectivity
drug only effects the problem it is needed for
safety
drug does not harm the patient
reversible action
able to be metabolized by the body or chemically nullified
Predictability
know how the patient will react to the drug
ease of administration
Convenient route, low # of doeses
freedom from drug interaction
drug does not intensify or reduce effects of other drugs
low cost
drug is easily affordable
simple generic name
easy to recall and pronounce
pharmacokinetics
how the drug moves through the body
Pharmacodynamics
how the drug affects the body
what is baseline data?
pt history, physical exam, lab results, vital signs, blood sugar, height, weight
why do you collect baseline data?
safety, response, identify high risk patients, assess self care ability
What are high risk patients?
liver or kidney impairment, genetic factors, allergies, pregnancy, elderly, pediatric
Judge
appropriateness of prescribed regimen
identify
potential health problems that the drug might cause
determine
patients capacity for self care
what do you look at for your evaluation?
Therapeutic responses, adverse drug reactions, adherence to proscribed regimen, satisfaction with treatment
RCTs
Randomized control trial
What is the control?
The normal, what you don’t experiment on
How should the people in the study be sorted?
Randomized
Single blind study
Participants ents don’t know if they are receiving the new treatment or not
double blind study
Participants and researchers don’t know who is receiving the new treatment or not
what is the most effective study?
double blind study
phase one of clinical testing
healthy volunteers or volunteer patients
phase two and three
patients who the medication is intended for
how long does phases two and three last?
three to six months
when can a drug be approved from the FDA?
after phase three
What is phase four?
after market surveillance of people taking the drug
What is the label format for an OTC drug?
Active ingredients– uses– warnings– directions– inactive ingredients
OTC labeling requirements
plain language, readable type, user friendly
