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CSON IM1 > pharm lecture 3 > Flashcards

pharm lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

ADR

A

Adverse drug reaction

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2
Q

What is an adverse drug reaction?

A

Unintended effects of a medicine

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3
Q

Mild ADR - 4

A

Drowsiness
itching
nausea
rash

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4
Q

Severe ADR

A

respiratory depression
organ injury
anaphylaxis
death

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5
Q

respiratory depression

A

trouble breathing

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6
Q

2 organs in pharmacology that could have injury

A

liver and kideny

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7
Q

Anaphylaxis

A

severe allergic reaction

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8
Q

ADR considerations - 3

A

What increases the risk?
What is the impact- for whom?
How can harm be minimized?

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9
Q

Who is at high risk for ADR - 4

A

very ill
old
young
immunocompromised

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10
Q

How can harm be minimized? - 4

A

Looking at the drugs that affect each other
Making sure you have the correct patient
Patient education
Through assessment after medicine

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11
Q

How can harm be minimized? - 4

A

Looking at the drugs that affect each other
Making sure you have the correct patient
Patient Education
Through assessment after medicine

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12
Q

side effect

A

a nearly unavoidable secondary drug effect produced at therapeutic doses

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13
Q

toxicity

A

any severe ADR, regardless of the dose that caused it

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14
Q

allergic reaction

A

immune response, the intensity of which is determined by immune system, not dosage

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15
Q

Idiosyncratic effect

A

uncommon drug response resulting from a genetic predisposition

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16
Q

Paradoxical effect

A

opposite of the intended drug response

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17
Q

who is at high risk for a paradoxical effect?

A

old and young

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18
Q

iatrogenic disease

A

occurs as the result of medical care or treatment, including disease produced by drugs

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19
Q

physical dependence

A

the body has adapted to drug exposure in such a way that abstinence syndrome will develop if discontinued

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20
Q

carcinogenic effect

A

the ability of certain medications and chemicals to cause cancers

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21
Q

teratogenic effect

A

drug-induced birth defect

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22
Q

hepatotoxic

A

damage to liver

23
Q

DILI

A

drug induced liver injury

24
Q

liver is the primary site of _________

A

Metabolism

25
Q

leading cause to liver failure

A

drugs

26
Q

QT

A

damage to heart

27
Q

prolonged QT interval

A

slows heart rate

28
Q

how can some medicine affect the heart

A

causes prolonged QT interval

29
Q

what do kidneys do

A

filter metabolites out of body

30
Q

furosemide

A

lasix

31
Q

ototoxic

A

medicine toxic to ears

32
Q

nephrotoxic

A

medicine toxic to kidneys

33
Q

what part of the ear can be harmed

A

inside

34
Q

pneumotoxic

A

toxic to the lungs

35
Q

polypharmacy

A

someone who takes a lot of drugs

36
Q

who would you expect to have polypharmacy - 3

A

old
immunocompromised
chronically ill

37
Q

questions to ask - 5

A

did symptoms appear shortly after drug use?
did symptoms abate when the drug was discontinued?
Did symptoms reappear when the drug was reinstituted?
is the illness itself sufficient to explain the event?
are other drugs in the regimen sufficient to explain the event?

38
Q

Black Box Warning

A

the strongest safety warning a drug can carry and still remain on the market, the most serious warning required by the FDA

39
Q

Considerations when faced with a BBW - 5

A

does the benefit outweigh the risk
are there safer equally effective alternatives
would a safer but less effective alternative be appropriate
is the BBW applicable to the patient
can action be taken to ameliorate the potential for an adverse reaction

40
Q

medication errors

A

any preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or patient harm while the medication is in the control of the healthcare professional, patient, or consumer

41
Q

Causes of medication errors - 3

A

human factors
communication mistakes
name confusion

42
Q

Factors affecting individual response - 3

A

body composition
age
pathophysiology
Tolerance
diet
comorbidities
patient compliance
med. errors

43
Q

has an immature organ system

A

infants

44
Q

has a decline in organ function

A

older adults

45
Q

tolerance

A

decreased responsiveness to a drug as a result of repeated drug administration

46
Q

comorbidities

A

drugs taken to manage one condition may complicate the management of another condition

47
Q

geriatric concerns - 4

A

organ function
comorbidities
polypharmacy
noncompliance

48
Q

absorption in geriatric pts

A

rate slows, gastric acidity declines

49
Q

what causes reduced plasma drug levels

A

increased body fat

50
Q

what causes increased plasma drug levels - 3

A

decreased lean body mass
decreased total body water
decreased serum albumin concentration

51
Q

metabolism in geriatric patients

A

tends to decline withnage

52
Q

excretion in geriatric patients

A

begins to decline progressively in early adulthood

53
Q

what is the most important cause of ADRs in older adults

A

excretion

CSON IM1 (28 decks)

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