Skull and Cranium Flashcards
cranial cavity (bony structure) -function
protective coat for brain and branstem components of the CNS
what is directly inside the cranial cavity?
series of connective tissue layers termed mininges
function of meninges
protection and support for brain and brainstem
participate in the venous part of the vascular system for the brain
provide limits to various compartments to the brain and cranial cavity
important structures evident within the cranial cavity to serve to connect the brain with structures outside of the cranial cavity
-these structures must pass through
blood vessels
cranial nerves
must pass through meningeal layers and bones of cranium
bones of the skull
frontal bone parietal bones temporal bones sphenoid bone occipital bone
frontal bone components
supraorbital ridge
-supraorbital foramen (notch)
coronal suture
coronal suture function
connects frontal bone to parietal bones
parietal bones components
sagittal suture
lambdoid suture
superior and inferior temporal lines
sagittal suture function
connects parietal bones
lambdoid suture function
connects parietal bones with occipital bone
temporal bones
-articulate with…
parietal
occipital
sphenoid
zygomatic
temporal bones parts
squamous part (flat part)
petromastoid part
tympanic part
petromastoid part of temporal bone
-components
styloid process -muscle attachment mastoid process -muscle attachment -mastoid air cells
tympanic part of temporal bones components
external auditory (acoustic) meatus
temporal bones components
zygomatic process (part of zygomatic arch)
-mandibular fossa
pterion
pterion of temporal bone
- articulation of…
- when is it completely sealed off?
- -implication
- remnant of…
articulation of -frontal, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal bones (in temporal fossa) never completely sealed off -not necessarily the most stable remnant of fibrous joint
sphenoid bone
- used to be called the…
- components
more structures on interior surface of skull
used to be called the pterygoid bone
-spheno- and pterygo- can be used interchangeably
components
-greater and lesser wings
-sphenoid sinuses
-medial and lateral pterygoid plates - infratemporal fossa
occipital bone components
occipital condyles superior and inferior nuchal lines external occipital protuberance (inion) foramen magnum jugular foramen hypoglossal foramen
foramen magnum is between which bones
occipital
temporal
bones of the face
nasal bones
maxilla bones
mandible
zygomatic bone
maxilla bones components
intermaxillary suture - hard suture maxillary sinus zygomatic process frontal process infraorbital foramen (notch)
mandible
-parts
body
ramus
coronoid process
condylar process
body of mandible components
mental foramen
alveolar processes
mylohyoid line
mylohyoid line
divides…
sublingual and submandibular fossa
ramus of mandible components
lingula
mandibular foramen
zygomatic bone
- articulates with…
- component
articulates with -frontal -maxilla -sphenoid -temporal component -zygomatic arch
zygomatic arch is made up of…
zygomatic process of temporal bone
temporal process of zygomatic bone
orbit
-names of the walls
superior
medial
inferior
lateral
superior wall components
orbital plate of frontal bone
lesser wing of sphenoid bone
optic canal
medial wall components
ethmoid bone
frontal bone
lacrimal bone
sphenoid bone
inferior wall components
maxilla
zygomatic bone
orbital process of palatine bone
inferior orbital fissure - maxillary nerve (CN V)
lateral wall components
frontal process of zygomatic bone
greater wing of sphenoid bone
superior orbital fissure - CN III, IV, V, VI
infratemporal fossa
-what can be seen in the roof
foramen ovale foramen spinosum (both can be seen in the sphenoid bone)
foramen ovale and foramen spinosum are continuous with…
foramen in middle cranial fossa
foramen rotundum (in infratemporal fossa)
- what is it?
- where does it exit?
opening in the floor of the middle cranial fossa
exits at the rostral end of the infratemporal fossa as the inferior orbital fissure (no foramen rotundum in the roof of the infratemporal fossa)
borders of infratemporal fossa
ramus of mandible lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone styloid process of temporal bone condylar process of mandible greater wing of sphenoid bone -foramen ovale, foramen rotundum
hard palate
-components
maxilla - palatine process
palatine bones
nasal septum
-made up of…
vomer
perpendicular plates of the ethmoid bone
perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
- location
- this region is covered with…
extends inferiorly from the cribiform plate (part of ethmoid boen with holes) into the nasal cavity
this region of nasal septum covered with epithelium containing the olfactory nerves (CN I) that go through the cribiform plate
nose components
nasal bones frontal processes of maxilla nasal processes of frontal bone ethmoid bone inferior nasal conchae vomer
ethmoid bone components
superior and middle nasal conchae
superior and middle nasal conchae
- what are they
- purpose
bone “bubbles” on the lateral side of the nasal cavity
each have a respective meatus (opening) beneath them that connects the sinuses with the nasal cavity
fossae of the interior surface of the skull
anterior cranial fossa
middle cranial fossa
posterior cranial fossa
anterior cranial fossa
-components
frontal bone
-orbital portion of frontal bone (overlies orbit)
ethmoid bone
-cribiform plate
-crista galli
sphenoid bone
-lesser wing of the sphenoid bone (caudal border of anterior cranial fossa)
crista galli function
attachment of falx cerebri
cribiform plate function
entrance of olfactory nerves
middle cranial fossa
- components
- important arteries
sphenoid bone -lesser and greater wing forming the rostral border and concavity of the middle cranial fossa temporal bone arteries -internal carotid -middle meningeal
sphenoid bone (in middle cranial fossa) -important structures
anterior clinoid process
posterior clinoid process
sella turcica
foramina
anterior clinoid process
- location
- what is it?
rostral attachment
free edge of tentorium cerebelli
posterior clinoid process
-purpose
attachment of diaphragma sella
dural sheath around the infundibular stalk
pituitary gland
sella turcica
- shape
- function
saddle shaped
contains pituitary gland
foramina
-names
optic canal superior orbital fissure foramen rotundum foramen ovale foramen spinosum foramen lacerum
optic canal
-what nerve passes through it?
optic nerve (CNII)
superior orbital fissure
-what nerves pass through it?
oculomotor (CN III)
trochlear (CN IV)
ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve (CN V1)
abducens (CN VI)
foramen rotundum
-what nerve passes through it
maxillary division of trigenimal nerve (CN V2)
foramen ovale
-what nerve passes through it
mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (CN V3)
foramen spinosum
-what passes through it
middle meningeal artery
foramen lacerum
-function
nothing really, but lies under interal carotid artery
temporal bone (middle cranial fossa) parts
squamous and petrous parts
trigeminal impression
interal carotid artery
-loaction
enters on the base of the skull through the carotid canal that bends through the base of the temporal bone and then enters middle carnial fossa above foramen lacerum
middle meningeal artery
-location
embedded in dura, along temporal bone - pterion
posterior cranial fossa
-components
temporal bone
occipital bone
temporal bone (posterior cranial fossa)
- which part
- components
petrous part
internal auditory meatus
-facial nerve (CN VII_, vestibulococchlear (CN VIII)
groove for superior petrosal sinus
occipital bone
-components
jugular foramen
hypoglossal canal
foramen magnum
grooves for transverse, confluens, sigmoid sinuses
jugular foramen
- what nerves pass through?
- what else?
glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
vagus (CN X)
spinal accessory (CN XI)
jugular bulb (sigmoid sinus emptying into the internal jugular vein)
hypoglossal canal
-what nerve passes through?
hypoglossal (CN XII)
foramen magnus
-continuation between…
brainstem and spinal cord
