Connective Tissue Flashcards
components of the extracellular matrix and functions of each
protein fibers -resists tensile forces amorphous ground substance -resists compression tissue fluid - "bound" water -facilitates the exchange of nutrients and metabolites cells -fixed and transient
CT functions
structural
defense
-phagocytic cells; mast cells; plasma cells
nutrition
-medium for exchange of nutrients and waste
storage
-fat
components of ground substance
glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
proteoglycans
glycoproteins
proteoglycans
-what are they?
linear polysaccharides surrounding a protein core
aggrecan molecule
-functions
binds to collagen fibers
responsible for “gel-like” fluidity of connective tissue
glycoproteins
- composition (it’s in the name)
- types
protein plus branched carbohydrate types -fibronectin -laminin -chondronectin -osteonectin
fibronectin function
cell adhesion
laminin function
adhesion of epithelial cells to basal lamina
chondronectin function
adhesion of chondrocytes to collagen II
osteonectin function
adhesion of osteoblasts to collagen I
extracellular matrix protein fibers
- types
- polymers of what molecules
collagen -polymers of collagen molecule reticular -polymers of collagen molecule (collagen III) elastic -polymers of protein elastin
collagen fibers
- produced by…
- types
produced by -fibroblasts -chondroblasts -osteoblasts -odontoblasts types -type I -type II -type IV and VII
type I collagen
-location
tendons
ligaments
bone
type II collagen
-location
cartilage
type IV and VII collagen
-location
associated with basal lamina
reticular fibers
- composed of
- location
collagen type III fibers
location
-smooth muscle
-framework of organs
elastic fibers
-types and location of each
non-stretchable -zonule fibers of eye mildly stretchable -dermis high stretchable -ligaments of vertebral column
cell types for CT proper
fixed cells
transient cells
fixed cells
-names and function
fibroblasts/fibrocytes
-cells that produce collagen and secrete ground substance
adipocytes
-fat cells
transient cells
- characteristics
- names and function
characteristics -migrate in -derived from hematopoietic tissue -short-lived and constantly replaced names -plasma cells -mast cells (immune and allergic responses) -macrophages (immune and repair processes)
connective tissue types
loose (areolar) connective tissue
dense connective tissue
elastic tissue
loose connective tissue
- characteristics (2)
- location
high vascularized
non-resistant to stress
location
-subcutaneous tissue
dense connective tissue
- characteristic
- types and locations
little stretchability
types
-regular (tendons and ligaments)
-irregular (joint capsules, muscle sheaths)
elastic tissue
- appearance
- location
thick parallel fibers
location
-ligaments of vertebral column
effect of inflammatory response on CT
-function of this effect
activation of immune response allows for increased extracellular fluid due to increasing permeability
this excess fluid facilitates the movement of transient cells to the region
tendons
- why do they have increased strength (3)
- identical process for…
increased strength due to... -alignment of more collagen fibers -increased size of fibers -increased strength of bonding identical process for -aging and maturation -scar tissue formation
response to mechanical elongation
-what do we call what see as the response?
stress/strain curve
stress/strain curve
-regions
toe region linear region progressive failure region major failure region -rupture visible but not complete -tendon is narrowed complete rupture region
