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S1 Anatomy > Axilla > Flashcards

Axilla Flashcards

1
Q

axilla

  • shape
  • location
  • contents
A 
shape
-pyramidal
location
-between upper thoracic wall and arm
contents
-axillary vessels (artery, vein, and branches)
-infraclavicular parts of brachial plexus and its branches
-lymph nodes and vessels
-loose adipose tissue
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2
Q

apex of axilla

  • continues into…
  • location
A

continues into root of neck between

  • external border of the first rib
  • superior scapular border
  • posterior surface of clavicle
  • medial aspect of coracoid process
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3
Q

base of axilla

  • corresponds to…
  • between
  • covered with…
A 
corresponds to
-skin
-thick layer of axillary fascia
between
-inferior borders of
--pec major anteriorly
--latissimus dorsi posteriorly
covered with hair in postpubertal persons
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4
Q

anterior wall of axilla

  • formed by
  • -what do these cover?
A 
formed by
pectoralis major
-covers majority of wall
pectoralis minor
-covers intermediate part of anterior wall
lateral part of clavicle and subclavius
-located near the apex
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5
Q

posterior wall

-covered by

A

covered by

  • subscapularis superiorly
  • teres major intermediate
  • latissimus dorsi inferiorly
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6
Q

lateral wall

-anterior and posterior walls converge toward…

A

insertion of muscles of the intertubercular groove

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7
Q

medial wall

  • what is it?
  • covered by
A

thoracic cage

covered by serratus anterior

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8
Q

major arteries (2)

A

subclavian

axillary

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9
Q

subclavian artery

  • branches off of…
  • divided into…
A 
branches off
-brachiocephalic trunk (R side)
-aortic arch (L side)
divided into three parts
-review from pectoral region notes
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10
Q

subclavian artery

-branches

A

vertebral artery
internal thoracic artery
thyrocervical trunk
dorsal scapular artery

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11
Q

vertebral artery

  • function
  • location
A 
function
-blood supply to the CNS
location
-transverse foraminae of cervical vertebrae
-floor of suboccipital artery
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12
Q

internal thoracic artery

  • also known as
  • function
  • anastomosis with…
  • can be used in what surgery?
A 
aka internal mammary artery
function
-blood to diaphragm
anastomosis with intercostal arteries
can be used in CABG surgery to anterior wall of heart
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13
Q

thyrocervical trunk

  • location
  • branches into…
A 
usually from 1st part of subclavian
branches into
-inferior thyroid artery
-suprascapular artery
-superficial cervical artery
-transverse cervical artery
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14
Q

dorsal scapular artery

-location

A

arises from either

  • 3rd part of subclavian
  • 2nd part of subclavian
  • thyrocervical trunk
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15
Q

what is the dorsal scapular artery called if it arises from the thyrocervical trunk

A

transverse cervical artery

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16
Q

axillary artery

  • what is it?
  • location
  • divided into…
  • divided by what
A

lateral continuation of subclavian artery
location
-past lateral border of 1st rib
divided into three parts by position of pec minor

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17
Q

axillary artery

-branches

A 
thoracoacromial artery (trunk)
lateral thoracic artery
subscapular artery
anterior circumflex humeral artery
posterior circumflex humeral artery
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18
Q 
thoracoacromial artery (trunk)
-branches
A

pectoral branch
acromial branch
clavicular branch
deltoid branch

19
Q

thoracoacromial artery pectoral branch

  • location
  • function
  • anastomosis with
A

between p. major and p. minor
function
-supplies p. major, p. minor, and superior thoracic
anastomosis with
-intercostal branches of internal thoracic and lateral thoracic arteries

20
Q

thoracoacromial artery acromial branch

  • location
  • function
  • anastomosis with
A 
location
-crosses corocoid process under deltoid
function
-supplies deltoid
anastomosis with
-suprascapular artery
-deltoid branch of thoracoacromial artery
-posterior circumflex humeral artery
21
Q

thoracoacromial artery clavicular branch

-function

A

supplies subclavius

22
Q

thoracoacromial artery deltoid branch

  • location
  • function
  • anastomotic with…
A

crosses p. minor
supplies p. minor and deltoid
anastomotic with
-thoracoacromial artery acromial branch

23
Q

lateral thoracic artery

  • large in…
  • supplies…
  • anastomosis with…
A

large in females w/ lateral mammary branches to the mammary gland
supplies p. minor, p. major, serratus anterior
anastomotic with
-internal thoracic
-subscapular
-intercostal arteries
-pectoral branches of thoracoacromial

24
Q

subscapular artery

  • branches off of….
  • branches into…
  • can be identified where…
A

branches off of 2nd part (usually) of axillary artery
branches into circumflex scapular artery
-can be identified in triangular space

25
subscapular artery - anastomosis with... - function - what is the terminal branch and what is the function?
anastomosis with -lateral thoracic -intercostal arteries -deep branch of transverse cervical (dorsal scapular) blood supply to -scapular muscles via scapular anastomosis (supra, infra, subscap, teres minor and major, posterior deltoid, lat, long head of tricep) terminal branch is thoracodorsal artery to lat
26
anterior circumflex humeral artery - location - function - anastomosis with
location -lateral side of axillary artery (2nd to 3rd part) -behind coracobrachialis and short head of biceps supplies humeral head and glenohumeral joint anastomosis with posterior circumflex humeral artery
27
posterior circumflex humeral artery - location - size compared to anterior circumflex humeral - function
``` location -from 3rd part of axillary -moves posteriorly and goes around posterior side of humerus through quadrangular space larger than anterior circumflex supplies -GH joint -deltoid -teres major and minor -long and lateral heads of triceps ```
28
posterior circumflex humeral artery | -anastomosis with...
anterior circumflex humeral artery branches of -suprascapular -thoracoacromial trunk (acromial and deltoid branches) descending branches anastomose with branches of the brachial artery
29
superficial network of veins - location - names of most common ones found in dissection
``` location -loose connective tissue below skin names -cephalic -basilic -median vein of the forearm - ```
30
cephalic vein - location - medially directed branch: name and end point - empties into... via...
``` location -formed over anatomical snuff box -ascends laterally to cubital fossa -continues up lateral side of arm to empty into axillary vein through the deltopectoral groove (infraclavicular fossa) near the acromion medially directed branch -median cubital vein ```
31
median cubital vein | -common use
most common vein for venupuncture
32
basilic vein - location - becomes...
location -begins medially on the dorsum of the hand -ascends and wraps to a location on the anteromedial surface of the arm becomes axillary vein by perforating deep fascia distal to axilla
33
median vein of forearm - location - common use
location -ascends on medial (ulnar) side of forearm -joins the basilic and median cubital veins on the distal end of the anteromedial surface of the arm use -second choice for blood donations -smaller than median cubital vein
34
brachial plexus - union of... - brachial plexus separations labeled as... in what order?
``` union of -C5-T1 primary ventral rami -C4 and/or T2 rami sometimes contribute brachial plexus gives rise to formation of -roots -trunks -divisions -cords -named nerves or arm and forearm ```
35
brachial plexus roots - what are they? - location
ventral rami of C5-T1 | located in the root of the neck (no the dorsal and ventral roots of the spinal cord)
36
brachial plexus trunks - names of trunks - formed by which roots? - location
``` upper trunk -C5, C6 middle trunk -C7 lower trunk -C8, T1 location -superior and posterior to clavicle ```
37
divisions - how are they created - location - division union forms...
each trunk divides into an anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) division takes place at the level of the clavicle union forms cords
38
cords - names - formed by - location of each
lateral cord -anterior divisions of upper and middle trunk -lateral to axillary artery medial cord -continuation of anterior division of lower trunk -descends behind and then medial to axillary artery posterior cord -posterior divisions of all 3 trunks -behind axillary artery
39
named nerves from roots (supraclavicular)
phrenic nerve dorsal scapular nerve long thoracic nerve
40
named nerves from trunks (supraclavicular)
nerve to subclavius | suprascapular nerve
41
named nerves from lateral cord (infraclavicular)
lateral pectoral nerve musculocutaneous nerve lateral part of median nerve
42
named nerves from medial cord (infraclavicular)
``` medial pectoral nerve medial cutaneous nerve of forearm medial cutaneous nerve of arm ulnar nerve medial part of median nerve ```
43
named nerves from posterior cord (infraclavicular)
``` upper subscapular nerve thoracodorsal nerve lower subscapular nerve axillary nerve radial nerve ```

S1 Anatomy (31 decks)

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