Axilla Flashcards
axilla
- shape
- location
- contents
shape -pyramidal location -between upper thoracic wall and arm contents -axillary vessels (artery, vein, and branches) -infraclavicular parts of brachial plexus and its branches -lymph nodes and vessels -loose adipose tissue
apex of axilla
- continues into…
- location
continues into root of neck between
- external border of the first rib
- superior scapular border
- posterior surface of clavicle
- medial aspect of coracoid process
base of axilla
- corresponds to…
- between
- covered with…
corresponds to -skin -thick layer of axillary fascia between -inferior borders of --pec major anteriorly --latissimus dorsi posteriorly covered with hair in postpubertal persons
anterior wall of axilla
- formed by
- -what do these cover?
formed by pectoralis major -covers majority of wall pectoralis minor -covers intermediate part of anterior wall lateral part of clavicle and subclavius -located near the apex
posterior wall
-covered by
covered by
- subscapularis superiorly
- teres major intermediate
- latissimus dorsi inferiorly
lateral wall
-anterior and posterior walls converge toward…
insertion of muscles of the intertubercular groove
medial wall
- what is it?
- covered by
thoracic cage
covered by serratus anterior
major arteries (2)
subclavian
axillary
subclavian artery
- branches off of…
- divided into…
branches off -brachiocephalic trunk (R side) -aortic arch (L side) divided into three parts -review from pectoral region notes
subclavian artery
-branches
vertebral artery
internal thoracic artery
thyrocervical trunk
dorsal scapular artery
vertebral artery
- function
- location
function -blood supply to the CNS location -transverse foraminae of cervical vertebrae -floor of suboccipital artery
internal thoracic artery
- also known as
- function
- anastomosis with…
- can be used in what surgery?
aka internal mammary artery function -blood to diaphragm anastomosis with intercostal arteries can be used in CABG surgery to anterior wall of heart
thyrocervical trunk
- location
- branches into…
usually from 1st part of subclavian branches into -inferior thyroid artery -suprascapular artery -superficial cervical artery -transverse cervical artery
dorsal scapular artery
-location
arises from either
- 3rd part of subclavian
- 2nd part of subclavian
- thyrocervical trunk
what is the dorsal scapular artery called if it arises from the thyrocervical trunk
transverse cervical artery
axillary artery
- what is it?
- location
- divided into…
- divided by what
lateral continuation of subclavian artery
location
-past lateral border of 1st rib
divided into three parts by position of pec minor
axillary artery
-branches
thoracoacromial artery (trunk) lateral thoracic artery subscapular artery anterior circumflex humeral artery posterior circumflex humeral artery
thoracoacromial artery (trunk) -branches
pectoral branch
acromial branch
clavicular branch
deltoid branch
thoracoacromial artery pectoral branch
- location
- function
- anastomosis with
between p. major and p. minor
function
-supplies p. major, p. minor, and superior thoracic
anastomosis with
-intercostal branches of internal thoracic and lateral thoracic arteries
thoracoacromial artery acromial branch
- location
- function
- anastomosis with
location -crosses corocoid process under deltoid function -supplies deltoid anastomosis with -suprascapular artery -deltoid branch of thoracoacromial artery -posterior circumflex humeral artery
thoracoacromial artery clavicular branch
-function
supplies subclavius
thoracoacromial artery deltoid branch
- location
- function
- anastomotic with…
crosses p. minor
supplies p. minor and deltoid
anastomotic with
-thoracoacromial artery acromial branch
lateral thoracic artery
- large in…
- supplies…
- anastomosis with…
large in females w/ lateral mammary branches to the mammary gland
supplies p. minor, p. major, serratus anterior
anastomotic with
-internal thoracic
-subscapular
-intercostal arteries
-pectoral branches of thoracoacromial
subscapular artery
- branches off of….
- branches into…
- can be identified where…
branches off of 2nd part (usually) of axillary artery
branches into circumflex scapular artery
-can be identified in triangular space
subscapular artery
- anastomosis with…
- function
- what is the terminal branch and what is the function?
anastomosis with
-lateral thoracic
-intercostal arteries
-deep branch of transverse cervical (dorsal scapular)
blood supply to
-scapular muscles via scapular anastomosis (supra, infra, subscap, teres minor and major, posterior deltoid, lat, long head of tricep)
terminal branch is thoracodorsal artery to lat
anterior circumflex humeral artery
- location
- function
- anastomosis with
location
-lateral side of axillary artery (2nd to 3rd part)
-behind coracobrachialis and short head of biceps
supplies humeral head and glenohumeral joint
anastomosis with posterior circumflex humeral artery
posterior circumflex humeral artery
- location
- size compared to anterior circumflex humeral
- function
location -from 3rd part of axillary -moves posteriorly and goes around posterior side of humerus through quadrangular space larger than anterior circumflex supplies -GH joint -deltoid -teres major and minor -long and lateral heads of triceps
posterior circumflex humeral artery
-anastomosis with…
anterior circumflex humeral artery
branches of
-suprascapular
-thoracoacromial trunk (acromial and deltoid branches)
descending branches anastomose with branches of the brachial artery
superficial network of veins
- location
- names of most common ones found in dissection
location -loose connective tissue below skin names -cephalic -basilic -median vein of the forearm -
cephalic vein
- location
- medially directed branch: name and end point
- empties into… via…
location -formed over anatomical snuff box -ascends laterally to cubital fossa -continues up lateral side of arm to empty into axillary vein through the deltopectoral groove (infraclavicular fossa) near the acromion medially directed branch -median cubital vein
median cubital vein
-common use
most common vein for venupuncture
basilic vein
- location
- becomes…
location
-begins medially on the dorsum of the hand
-ascends and wraps to a location on the anteromedial surface of the arm
becomes axillary vein by perforating deep fascia distal to axilla
median vein of forearm
- location
- common use
location
-ascends on medial (ulnar) side of forearm
-joins the basilic and median cubital veins on the distal end of the anteromedial surface of the arm
use
-second choice for blood donations
-smaller than median cubital vein
brachial plexus
- union of…
- brachial plexus separations labeled as… in what order?
union of -C5-T1 primary ventral rami -C4 and/or T2 rami sometimes contribute brachial plexus gives rise to formation of -roots -trunks -divisions -cords -named nerves or arm and forearm
brachial plexus roots
- what are they?
- location
ventral rami of C5-T1
located in the root of the neck (no the dorsal and ventral roots of the spinal cord)
brachial plexus trunks
- names of trunks
- formed by which roots?
- location
upper trunk -C5, C6 middle trunk -C7 lower trunk -C8, T1 location -superior and posterior to clavicle
divisions
- how are they created
- location
- division union forms…
each trunk divides into an anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) division
takes place at the level of the clavicle
union forms cords
cords
- names
- formed by
- location of each
lateral cord
-anterior divisions of upper and middle trunk
-lateral to axillary artery
medial cord
-continuation of anterior division of lower trunk
-descends behind and then medial to axillary artery
posterior cord
-posterior divisions of all 3 trunks
-behind axillary artery
named nerves from roots (supraclavicular)
phrenic nerve
dorsal scapular nerve
long thoracic nerve
named nerves from trunks (supraclavicular)
nerve to subclavius
suprascapular nerve
named nerves from lateral cord (infraclavicular)
lateral pectoral nerve
musculocutaneous nerve
lateral part of median nerve
named nerves from medial cord (infraclavicular)
medial pectoral nerve medial cutaneous nerve of forearm medial cutaneous nerve of arm ulnar nerve medial part of median nerve
named nerves from posterior cord (infraclavicular)
upper subscapular nerve thoracodorsal nerve lower subscapular nerve axillary nerve radial nerve
