Arm and Cubital Fossa Flashcards by Blake Miller

humerus components

head
body
trochlea
capitulum
coronoid fossa
olecranon fossa
supracondylar ridges - medial and lateral

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humeral head

articulates with
components

articulares with glenoid cavity of the scapula
components
-greater tubercle
-lesser tubercle
-intertubercular groove (sulcus)

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humeral head

-anatomic vs. surgical neck

anatomical
-lies between head and the tubercles
surgical
-more likely region of breakage
-lies at beginning of body or shaft, distal to tubercles

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humeral body

location
components and description of each

ends distally at expansions (medial and lateral epicondyles)
deltoid tuberosity
-anterolateral “bump” indicating insertion of deltoid muscle
radial groove (spiral groove)
-posterior aspect; position of radial nerve

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trochlea of humerus

function
medial to trochlea…

articulates with ulna

medial to trochlea is a deep groove, sulcus for ulnar nerve - “funny bone”

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capitulum

-function

articulates with radius

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elbow articulations

humeroulnar
humeroradial
proximal radioulnar

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elbow ligaments

radial collateral ligament
ulnar collalteral ligament
-anterior head
-posterior head
-oblique head
annular ligament of radius
-proximal radioulnar joint

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muscles of the arm

-confined to

confined to anterior and posterior compartments

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anterior and posterior compartments of arm -formed by…

-separating structures attached at…

medial and lateral intermuscular septa from fascia encircling arm
attached at
-medial and lateral supracondylar ridges of humerus

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anconeus

located primarily _____ due to…
functions…

in forearm
due to insertion on ulna
functions along with medial head of triceps brachii
-anatomically is not always distinguishable

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what must occur at the ulna during pronation?

why
what happens if this does not occur?
what does this mean for the humeroulnar joint?

ulna must abduct
maintains position of hand (as in turning a screw driver)
pronation without abduction results in change in placement of hand during pronation
humero-ulnar joint is necessarily loose-packed

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muscles of the cubital region

primarily located where?
where do they act

primarily located in forearm
action
-move forearm at elbow joint
-do not act on the hand or wrist

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arm blood supply

entirity comes from…
majority of arteries have…

entirity comes from brachial artery (axillary artery after passing teres major)
majority of arteries have a matching paired set of veins

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which veins are not matched to an artery?

cephalic
median cubital
median vein of forearm
basilic

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brachial veins (paired to artery) do what?

anastomose with each other and the superficial veins

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veins of the arm through the subclavian vein

where are valves located
number compared to LE
size of vein compared to corresponding artery
why this size?

valves located at the distal and proximal ends
not as many as LE
smaller than corresponding artery
-majority of venous return being handled by superficial venous plexus

muscular branches of artery

for anterior compartment where do they come from
for posterior compartment where do they come from

anterior
-brachial artery
posterior
-deep brachial artery

deep brachial artery

splits into…
what does it do around the lateral epicondyle

splits into anterior and posterior descending branches surrounding the lateral epicondyle of humerus to anastomose with collaterals from the brachial artery

profunda brachii (deep brachial artery)

relation to brachial
location

first and largest branch

branches and follows the radial nerve posteriorly around the radial groove to the posterior surface of the humerus

radial and ulnar arteries

location
formed from

found at the level of the cubital fossa

result of the brachial artery branching

recurrent branches

-created by…

radial artery
-one recurrent branch
ulnar artery
-anterior and posterior recurrent branches

anastomosis around the elbow

-formed from

anterior and posterior branches of deep brachial artery
radial recurrent artery
superior and inferior ulnar collaterals
anterior and posterior ulnar recurrent arteries

superior and inferior ulnar collateral arteries

arise from
superior follows…

arise from brachial artery proximal to division within cubital fossa
superior follows ulnar nerve

muscles of arm innervated by...

radial | musculocutaneous

median and ulnar nerves - formed in... - location - function

formed in axilla descend along brachial artery through arm to reach forearm innervate muscles and skin of forearm

radial nerve - size compared to other branches of posterior cord - location - function

``` largest location -curves posteriorly around the humerus in the radial groove (with deep brachial artery) innervates -triceps -anconeus -supinator -brachioradialis continues into forearm to innervate extensors of the wrist ```

musculocutaneous nerve - formed from - function - continues into forearm as...

small branch of lateral cord innervates -muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm continues into forearm as lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm

median and ulnar nerves | -location

travel down lateral and medial side of brachial artery, respectively

median nerve protected in cubital fossa by...

lying deep to bicipital tendon

ulnar nerve - begins... - where does it go?

begins in anterior muscular compartment | pierces the medial intermuscular septum to continue distally along the medial head of the triceps

cubital fossa | -borders

``` superior -line crossing from medial to lateral epicondyles of humerus medial -pronator teres lateral -brachioradialis floor -brachialis -supinator roof -deep fascia -includes bicipital aponeurosis (covered by superficial fascia, loose CT, and skin) ```

cubital fossa | -contains

``` bicipital tendon brachial artery -its terminal radial and ulnar brahcnes brachial veins parts of median and radial nerves ```

median cubital vein in relation to cubital fossa

runs in loose CT superficial to deep fascia covering cubital fossa

radial nerve | -pressure may result in...

may result in temporary to long term paralysis or weakness of the extensors muscles of the wrist in the forearm -called wrist drop

musculocutaneous nerve damage in the axilla | -results in...

weakened flexion and supination of forearm | anesthesia of lateral forearm also possible

damage to median nerve | -results in...

``` loss of sensation to lateral portion of palm loss of -pronation -flexion of wrist and digits -complex thumb movements ```

damage to ulnar nerve - results in... - effect on forearm flexors compared to median nerve damage

weakened - flexion and adduction of wrist vs. median nerve - innervates less - flexion less severely affected

sharp blow on medial side of elbow can result in...

tingling or anesthesia of the medial two digits if ulnar nerve is affected (in ulnar groove) this is the funny bone

brachial/axillary artery damage - can result in - may lead to...

can result in loss of blood supply to forearm -results in paralysis of deep flexors of wrist permanent damage may occur -produces a permanent flexion contracture due to atrophy and shortening of deep flexor muscles

anastomotic circulations and injury - work best when... - what will anastomotic circulations do if lack of perfusion is sudden and lasting

work best when -"rerouting" of blood takes place over time will allow minimal survival if lack of perfusion is sudden and lasting