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S1 Anatomy > Arm and Cubital Fossa > Flashcards

Arm and Cubital Fossa Flashcards

1
Q

humerus components

A 
head
body
trochlea
capitulum
coronoid fossa
olecranon fossa
supracondylar ridges - medial and lateral
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2
Q

humeral head

  • articulates with
  • components
A 
articulares with glenoid cavity of the scapula
components
-greater tubercle
-lesser tubercle
-intertubercular groove (sulcus)
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3
Q

humeral head

-anatomic vs. surgical neck

A 
anatomical
-lies between head and the tubercles
surgical
-more likely region of breakage
-lies at beginning of body or shaft, distal to tubercles
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4
Q

humeral body

  • location
  • components and description of each
A

ends distally at expansions (medial and lateral epicondyles)
deltoid tuberosity
-anterolateral “bump” indicating insertion of deltoid muscle
radial groove (spiral groove)
-posterior aspect; position of radial nerve

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5
Q

trochlea of humerus

  • function
  • medial to trochlea…
A

articulates with ulna

medial to trochlea is a deep groove, sulcus for ulnar nerve - “funny bone”

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6
Q

capitulum

-function

A

articulates with radius

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7
Q

elbow articulations

A

humeroulnar
humeroradial
proximal radioulnar

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8
Q

elbow ligaments

A 
radial collateral ligament
ulnar collalteral ligament
-anterior head
-posterior head
-oblique head
annular ligament of radius
-proximal radioulnar joint
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9
Q

muscles of the arm

-confined to

A

confined to anterior and posterior compartments

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10
Q

anterior and posterior compartments of arm -formed by…

-separating structures attached at…

A

medial and lateral intermuscular septa from fascia encircling arm
attached at
-medial and lateral supracondylar ridges of humerus

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11
Q

anconeus

  • located primarily _____ due to…
  • functions…
A

in forearm
due to insertion on ulna
functions along with medial head of triceps brachii
-anatomically is not always distinguishable

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12
Q

what must occur at the ulna during pronation?

  • why
  • what happens if this does not occur?
  • what does this mean for the humeroulnar joint?
A

ulna must abduct
maintains position of hand (as in turning a screw driver)
pronation without abduction results in change in placement of hand during pronation
humero-ulnar joint is necessarily loose-packed

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13
Q

muscles of the cubital region

  • primarily located where?
  • where do they act
A

primarily located in forearm
action
-move forearm at elbow joint
-do not act on the hand or wrist

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14
Q

arm blood supply

  • entirity comes from…
  • majority of arteries have…
A

entirity comes from brachial artery (axillary artery after passing teres major)
majority of arteries have a matching paired set of veins

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15
Q

which veins are not matched to an artery?

A

cephalic
median cubital
median vein of forearm
basilic

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16
Q

brachial veins (paired to artery) do what?

A

anastomose with each other and the superficial veins

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17
Q

veins of the arm through the subclavian vein

  • where are valves located
  • number compared to LE
  • size of vein compared to corresponding artery
  • why this size?
A

valves located at the distal and proximal ends
not as many as LE
smaller than corresponding artery
-majority of venous return being handled by superficial venous plexus

18
Q

muscular branches of artery

  • for anterior compartment where do they come from
  • for posterior compartment where do they come from
A

anterior
-brachial artery
posterior
-deep brachial artery

19
Q

deep brachial artery

  • splits into…
  • what does it do around the lateral epicondyle
A

splits into anterior and posterior descending branches surrounding the lateral epicondyle of humerus to anastomose with collaterals from the brachial artery

20
Q

profunda brachii (deep brachial artery)

  • relation to brachial
  • location
A

first and largest branch

branches and follows the radial nerve posteriorly around the radial groove to the posterior surface of the humerus

21
Q

radial and ulnar arteries

  • location
  • formed from
A

found at the level of the cubital fossa

result of the brachial artery branching

22
Q

recurrent branches

-created by…

A

radial artery
-one recurrent branch
ulnar artery
-anterior and posterior recurrent branches

23
Q

anastomosis around the elbow

-formed from

A

anterior and posterior branches of deep brachial artery
radial recurrent artery
superior and inferior ulnar collaterals
anterior and posterior ulnar recurrent arteries

24
Q

superior and inferior ulnar collateral arteries

  • arise from
  • superior follows…
A

arise from brachial artery proximal to division within cubital fossa
superior follows ulnar nerve

25
Q

muscles of arm innervated by…

A

radial

musculocutaneous

26
Q

median and ulnar nerves

  • formed in…
  • location
  • function
A

formed in axilla
descend along brachial artery through arm to reach forearm
innervate muscles and skin of forearm

27
Q

radial nerve

  • size compared to other branches of posterior cord
  • location
  • function
A 
largest
location
-curves posteriorly around the humerus in the radial groove (with deep brachial artery)
innervates
-triceps
-anconeus
-supinator
-brachioradialis
continues into forearm to innervate extensors of the wrist
28
Q

musculocutaneous nerve

  • formed from
  • function
  • continues into forearm as…
A

small branch of lateral cord
innervates
-muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm
continues into forearm as lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm

29
Q

median and ulnar nerves

-location

A

travel down lateral and medial side of brachial artery, respectively

30
Q

median nerve protected in cubital fossa by…

A

lying deep to bicipital tendon

31
Q

ulnar nerve

  • begins…
  • where does it go?
A

begins in anterior muscular compartment

pierces the medial intermuscular septum to continue distally along the medial head of the triceps

32
Q

cubital fossa

-borders

A 
superior
-line crossing from medial to lateral epicondyles of humerus
medial
-pronator teres
lateral
-brachioradialis
floor
-brachialis
-supinator
roof
-deep fascia
-includes bicipital aponeurosis (covered by superficial fascia, loose CT, and skin)
33
Q

cubital fossa

-contains

A 
bicipital tendon
brachial artery
-its terminal radial and ulnar brahcnes
brachial veins
parts of median and radial nerves
34
Q

median cubital vein in relation to cubital fossa

A

runs in loose CT superficial to deep fascia covering cubital fossa

35
Q

radial nerve

-pressure may result in…

A

may result in temporary to long term paralysis or weakness of the extensors muscles of the wrist in the forearm
-called wrist drop

36
Q

musculocutaneous nerve damage in the axilla

-results in…

A

weakened flexion and supination of forearm

anesthesia of lateral forearm also possible

37
Q

damage to median nerve

-results in…

A 
loss of sensation to lateral portion of palm
loss of
-pronation
-flexion of wrist and digits
-complex thumb movements
38
Q

damage to ulnar nerve

  • results in…
  • effect on forearm flexors compared to median nerve damage
A

weakened

  • flexion and adduction of wrist
    vs. median nerve
  • innervates less
  • flexion less severely affected
39
Q

sharp blow on medial side of elbow can result in…

A

tingling or anesthesia of the medial two digits if ulnar nerve is affected (in ulnar groove)
this is the funny bone

40
Q

brachial/axillary artery damage

  • can result in
  • may lead to…
A

can result in loss of blood supply to forearm
-results in paralysis of deep flexors of wrist
permanent damage may occur
-produces a permanent flexion contracture due to atrophy and shortening of deep flexor muscles

41
Q

anastomotic circulations and injury

  • work best when…
  • what will anastomotic circulations do if lack of perfusion is sudden and lasting
A

work best when
-“rerouting” of blood takes place over time
will allow minimal survival if lack of perfusion is sudden and lasting

S1 Anatomy (31 decks)

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