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S1 Anatomy > Cartilage and Bone > Flashcards

Cartilage and Bone Flashcards

1
Q

what is cartilage?

A

specialized connective tissue
contains extracellular matrix enriched with
-glycosaminoglycans
-proteoglycans
these bind with collagen and elastic fibers

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2
Q

types of cartilage

-what determines differences?

A 
hyaline cartilage
elastic cartilage
fibrocartilage
determination
-compositional differences
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3
Q

hyaline cartilage

-locations

A

epiphyseal plate
articular surfaces
walls of trachea

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4
Q

elastic cartilage

-locations

A

epiglottis
cuneiform cartilage
auricle

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5
Q

fibrocartilage

-locations

A

intervertebral disc
pubic symphysis
acetabular labrum

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6
Q

cartilage functions

A

shock absorber
provides smooth surface for sliding area of joints
development and growth of long bones

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7
Q

cartilage composition

A

cells (chondrocytes) with lacunae
extracellular matrix
-fibers
-ground substance

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8
Q

matrix composition of cartilage

A

collagen
hyaluronic acid
proteoglycans
“other” glycoproteins - chondronectin

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9
Q

what gives cartilage its stiffness?

A

hydrostatic bonds of the glycosaminoglycan chains of the proteoglycans

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10
Q

cartilage

  • vascularity
  • how does it obtain nutrients
A

cartilage is avascular
nutrients supplied by diffusion through the matrix
-either by vascularization within the Perichondrium
-or by synovial fluid (for articular (hyaline) cartilage)

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11
Q

what is the perichondrium

A

capsule of dense connective tissue surrounding the cartilage

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12
Q

hyaline cartilage

-what type of collagen?

A

collagen type II

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13
Q

perichondrium

  • what type of tissue
  • contains
  • inner cellular layer (chondrogenic cells) becomes…
A

dense connective tissue (irregular)
contains type I collagen with fibroblasts
inner layer is adjacent to cartilage and becomes chondroblasts

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14
Q

chondroblasts become ___ when enclosed in cartilage

A

chondrocytes

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15
Q

chondrocytes

  • appearance
  • may be a number of chondrocytes in _____ due to mitotic activity
A

appearance
-elliptical at edge of developing cartilage
-round once fully enclosed in cartilage matrix
may be in lacunae

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16
Q

hyaline cartilage growth is dependent upon…

A

somatomedin C from the liver

produces as a result of somatotropin from the pituitary gland

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17
Q

how does growth occur in cartilage?

A

interstitial growth

appositional growth

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18
Q

interstitial growth

-characteristics

A

mitotic division of chondrocytes
evident developmentally - 1st formation
growth plate - increases length of bone
articular surfaces - due to lack of perichondrium

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19
Q

appositional growth

-what does it do?

A

increases girth

20
Q

elastic cartilage

  • location
  • types of fibers
  • abundant in ____ and they are ____ than in hyaline cartilage
A 
location
-outer layer of perichondrium
fiber types
-type II collagen
-elastic fibers
more abundant in chondrocytes
-larger than in hyaline
21
Q

fibrocartilage

  • associated with…
  • type of fibers
  • perichondrium
  • chondrocytes
A 
associated with dense connective tissue
fibers
-collagen type I
no perichondrium
chondrocytes arranged in rows (isogenous groups)
22
Q

bone

-functions

A 
structural
-support and series of levers for movement
protection of vital organs
-skull, thoracic cage, vertebral column
storage pool for Ca2+ and PO4-
23
Q

periosteum

-contains

A

outer dense connective tissue layer

inner cellular layer with osteoprogenitor cells

24
Q

central cavity of bones

-contains

A

endosteum with osteoprogenitor cells and osteoblasts

25
Q

bone matrix

A 
glycoproteins and proteoglycans associated with collagen Type I
hydroxyapatite
-Ca2+
-PO4-
-H2O
26
Q

bone cell types

A

osteoprogenitor cells
osteoblasts
osteocytes
osteoclasts

27
Q

osteoprogenitor cells

-function

A

differentiate into osteoblasts (or chondrogenic cells)

28
Q

osteoblasts

  • location
  • function
  • connected via…
A

line surface of bone
secrete matrix (osteoid)
connected via gap junctions

29
Q

osteocytes

A

formed from osteoblasts

30
Q

osteoclasts

  • origin
  • function
  • type of border
  • what is the area of bone matrix that has been removed called?
A 
hematopoietic in origin
function
-bone resorption
ruffled border
-irregular surface facing bone
removed bone matrix
-Howship's Lacunae
31
Q

types of bone

A

compact

spongy (trabecular)

32
Q

regions of a bone

A 
diaphysis
-shaft
epiphysis
-articular ends
metaphsis
-area of spongy bone columns between epiphyseal plate and diaphysis
33
Q

what separates epiphysis and diaphysis

A

epiphyseal plate

34
Q

primary vs. secondary bone

A

primary
-formed embryologically (or as repair)
replaced by secondary bone

35
Q

secondary bone characteristics when compared with primary bone

A

regular lamellae

more dense calcification over a more regular system of collagen fibers

36
Q

osteon

  • what is it?
  • composed of
A

deep compact bone lying between inner and outer lamellae
composed of osteoblasts
-these are connected via caniliculi
these connected osteoblasts surround the central canal with the blood vessel
-this is called a Haversion canal

37
Q

caniliculi

-function

A

connects osteoblasts in an osteon

gap junction between osteoblasts runs through here

38
Q

Haversion canals (which run parallel to the bone’s longitudinal axis) are connected laterally via…

A

Volkmann’s canals

39
Q

two types of bone growth

A

intramembranous

endochondral

40
Q

intramembranous bone growth

-how does it occur?

A

osteoblasts secrete matrix that begins to form spicules

41
Q

endochondral bone growth

-how does it occur?

A

hyaline cartilage model is encased by a subperiosteal bone collar (intramembranous)
-this bone collar deposits bone matrix

42
Q

bone remodeling occurs as a result of…

A

growth and stresses on bone

43
Q

bone repair requires…

A

adequate blood supply

proximity of opposing bone faces

44
Q

mesenchymal cell

-what is it?

A

stem cell that has not committed to making any type of connective tissue

45
Q

primary ossification site

A

shaft of bone - ossifies first

46
Q

secondary ossification site

A

ends of bone

S1 Anatomy (31 decks)

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