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S1 Anatomy > Face and Parotid Region > Flashcards

Face and Parotid Region Flashcards

1
Q

where do muscles of facial expression insert?

A

skin

fascia underlying the skin

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2
Q

how are the muscles of facial expression innervated

A

branches of the facial nerve (CN VII)

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3
Q

what are the muscles of facial expression?

A 
platysma
orbicularis oris
buccinator
orbicularis oculi
nasalis muscle
frontalis muscle
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4
Q

platysma

-what is its innervation (specific)

A

facial nerve

  • cervical branch
  • mandibular branch
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5
Q

orbicularis oris

  • function
  • innervation
A 
function
-sphincter muscle surrounding mouth
innervation
-facial nerve
--buccal  branch
--mandibular branch
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6
Q

what other muscles effect movement around the mouth

-function of each

A 
zygomaticus major
-smile muscle
zygomaticus minor
-sneer muscle, along with levators
mentalis
-"Kirk Douglas" muscle (prominent dimple in middle of chin)
risorius
-grin muscle
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7
Q

buccinator

  • function
  • innervation
A

necessary for firmness on the lateral side of oral cavity
innervation
-facial
–buccal branch

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8
Q

orbicularis oculi

  • what are the parts?
  • overall innervation
A 
parts
-orbital part
-palbebral part
-lacrimal part
innervation
-facial nerve
--zygomatic branch
--temporal branch
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9
Q

orbicularis oculi orbital part

-functioin

A

sphincter

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10
Q

orbicularis oculi palebral part

-function

A

eyelid

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11
Q

orbicularis oculi lacrimal part

-function

A

medial extension of eyelid over lacrimal puncta, necessary for bathing eye with tears

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12
Q

nasalis muscle

  • parts
  • origin and insertion
  • innervation
A 
parts
-compressor part
-dilator part
origin
-maxilla
-insertion
-near alar cartilage of the nose
innervation
-facial nerve
--zygomatic branch
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13
Q

frontalis muscle

  • continuous with ____ muscle on the posterior part of the skull as _____
  • these 2 muscles are connected by…
  • innervation of each muscle
A

continuous with occipitalis as occipitofrontalis
connected by epicranial aponeurosis
frontalis innervation
-facial nerve, temporal branh
occipitalis
-facial nerve, posterior auricular branch

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14
Q

trigeminal nerve

  • sensory component for…
  • divisions
  • nerves have names specific to…
  • which division has a motor component
A

sensory component for all sensation over face, including proprioception of muscles of facial expression
3 divisions
-V1 (ophthalmic)
-V2 (maxillary)
-V3 (mandibular)
nerves have names specific to the regions they innervate
V3 is only division with motor component

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15
Q

trigeminal nerve

  • how does each branch leave the middle cranial fossa?
  • where do they emerge
A 
leave middle cranial fossa via
-superior orbital fissure (V1)
-foramen rotundum (V2)
-foramen ovale (V3)
emerge through a number of different opening son outside of skull
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16
Q

branches of V1 of trigeminal nerve

A 
supraorbital
supratrochlear
infratrochlear
external nasal
lacrimal
17
Q

branches of V2 of trigeminal nerve

A

infraorbital
zygomaticofacial
zygomaticotemporal
superior alveolar

18
Q

branches of V3 of trigeminal nerve

A 
auriculotemporal
buccal
mental
inferior alveolar
lingual
19
Q

buccal nerve of trigeminal nerve

-function

A

sensory only

does not innervate buccinator muscle (innervated by buccal branch of facial nerve)

20
Q

trigeminal nerve V3 motor component

-innervates…

A

muscles of mastication

  • temporalis
  • masseter
  • medial pterygoid
  • lateral pterygoid
  • 2 other smaller suprahyoid muscles
21
Q

facian nerve

  • function
  • location
A

innervates all muscles of facial expression
location
-emerges from base of skull through stylomastoid foramen
-branches after it passes through parotid gland

22
Q

facial nerve branches

-which one turns posteriorly and what does it innervate

A 
cervical
mandibular
buccal
zygomatic
temporal
posterior auricular
-turns posteriorly to innervate occipitalis muscle
23
Q

arteries of face

  • branches of…
  • branch off into… (in ascending order)
A 
branches of external carotid
branches
-superior thyroid (neck)
-ascending pharyngeal (neck)
-lingual
-facial
-occipital (saw in suboccipital triangle)
-posterior auricular
-superficial temporal
-maxillary (final branch)
24
Q

maxillary artery of face

  • seen where
  • branches
A 
seen in infratemporal fossa
branches
-middle meningeal (foramen spinosum)
-inferior alveolar
-infraorbital
25
Q

veins of the face

  • how much do they intermesh?
  • names
A 
highly anastomotic venous plexus
names
-facial vein
-retromandibular vein
-external jugular vein
26
Q

facial vein

-drains into

A

drains into internal jugular vein draining the majority of the face

27
Q

retromandibular vein

-drains into

A

external jugular vein

facial vein

28
Q

veins around the nose are continuous with…

  • these drain into
  • source of infections to…
A

continuous with veins in orbit
drain into cranial cavity
source of infection to meninges and brain

29
Q

parotid gland

  • location
  • encased in…
  • histological compsition
  • -potential consequence
A

location
-lies in the parotid bed wedged between the ear and posterior edge of the ramus of the mandible
encased in parotid sheath
all glands are epithelial and highly mitotic
-can lead to tumors in this gland that impinge the facial nerve

30
Q

parotid duct

  • location
  • empties into
A

location
-below zygomatic arch
empties into oral cavity adjacent to upper second molar

31
Q

parotid gland

  • what nerve travels through it (without innervating)
  • how can this nerve be damaged
A

facial nerve

surgery of the parotid gland can result in damage to the facial nerve

32
Q

parotid gland

  • innervated by…
  • type of innervation
A

innervated by glossopharyngeal (CN IX)

autonomic innervation

33
Q

parotid gland parasympathetic innervation

  • what is responsible for this innervation
  • produces
A 
CN IX (glossopharyngeal)
produces watery saliva
34
Q

parotid gland sympathetic activation

  • what is responsible for this innervation
  • produces
A

carotid plexus

produces thick saliva

35
Q

auriculotemporal nerve

  • part of which nerve
  • location in relation to parotid gland
  • function
A 
part of V3 of trigeminal
lies deep to parotid gland
function
-carries glossopharyngeal innervation to parotid gland
-doesn't carry sensory fibers into gland
36
Q

clinical correlations to the face and parotid region

A

Bell’s palsy
trigeminal neuralgia
Herpes zoster (shingles)
cancer of the parotid gland

S1 Anatomy (31 decks)

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