Face and Parotid Region Flashcards
where do muscles of facial expression insert?
skin
fascia underlying the skin
how are the muscles of facial expression innervated
branches of the facial nerve (CN VII)
what are the muscles of facial expression?
platysma orbicularis oris buccinator orbicularis oculi nasalis muscle frontalis muscle
platysma
-what is its innervation (specific)
facial nerve
- cervical branch
- mandibular branch
orbicularis oris
- function
- innervation
function -sphincter muscle surrounding mouth innervation -facial nerve --buccal branch --mandibular branch
what other muscles effect movement around the mouth
-function of each
zygomaticus major -smile muscle zygomaticus minor -sneer muscle, along with levators mentalis -"Kirk Douglas" muscle (prominent dimple in middle of chin) risorius -grin muscle
buccinator
- function
- innervation
necessary for firmness on the lateral side of oral cavity
innervation
-facial
–buccal branch
orbicularis oculi
- what are the parts?
- overall innervation
parts -orbital part -palbebral part -lacrimal part innervation -facial nerve --zygomatic branch --temporal branch
orbicularis oculi orbital part
-functioin
sphincter
orbicularis oculi palebral part
-function
eyelid
orbicularis oculi lacrimal part
-function
medial extension of eyelid over lacrimal puncta, necessary for bathing eye with tears
nasalis muscle
- parts
- origin and insertion
- innervation
parts -compressor part -dilator part origin -maxilla -insertion -near alar cartilage of the nose innervation -facial nerve --zygomatic branch
frontalis muscle
- continuous with ____ muscle on the posterior part of the skull as _____
- these 2 muscles are connected by…
- innervation of each muscle
continuous with occipitalis as occipitofrontalis
connected by epicranial aponeurosis
frontalis innervation
-facial nerve, temporal branh
occipitalis
-facial nerve, posterior auricular branch
trigeminal nerve
- sensory component for…
- divisions
- nerves have names specific to…
- which division has a motor component
sensory component for all sensation over face, including proprioception of muscles of facial expression
3 divisions
-V1 (ophthalmic)
-V2 (maxillary)
-V3 (mandibular)
nerves have names specific to the regions they innervate
V3 is only division with motor component
trigeminal nerve
- how does each branch leave the middle cranial fossa?
- where do they emerge
leave middle cranial fossa via -superior orbital fissure (V1) -foramen rotundum (V2) -foramen ovale (V3) emerge through a number of different opening son outside of skull
branches of V1 of trigeminal nerve
supraorbital supratrochlear infratrochlear external nasal lacrimal
branches of V2 of trigeminal nerve
infraorbital
zygomaticofacial
zygomaticotemporal
superior alveolar
branches of V3 of trigeminal nerve
auriculotemporal buccal mental inferior alveolar lingual
buccal nerve of trigeminal nerve
-function
sensory only
does not innervate buccinator muscle (innervated by buccal branch of facial nerve)
trigeminal nerve V3 motor component
-innervates…
muscles of mastication
- temporalis
- masseter
- medial pterygoid
- lateral pterygoid
- 2 other smaller suprahyoid muscles
facian nerve
- function
- location
innervates all muscles of facial expression
location
-emerges from base of skull through stylomastoid foramen
-branches after it passes through parotid gland
facial nerve branches
-which one turns posteriorly and what does it innervate
cervical mandibular buccal zygomatic temporal posterior auricular -turns posteriorly to innervate occipitalis muscle
arteries of face
- branches of…
- branch off into… (in ascending order)
branches of external carotid branches -superior thyroid (neck) -ascending pharyngeal (neck) -lingual -facial -occipital (saw in suboccipital triangle) -posterior auricular -superficial temporal -maxillary (final branch)
maxillary artery of face
- seen where
- branches
seen in infratemporal fossa branches -middle meningeal (foramen spinosum) -inferior alveolar -infraorbital
veins of the face
- how much do they intermesh?
- names
highly anastomotic venous plexus names -facial vein -retromandibular vein -external jugular vein
facial vein
-drains into
drains into internal jugular vein draining the majority of the face
retromandibular vein
-drains into
external jugular vein
facial vein
veins around the nose are continuous with…
- these drain into
- source of infections to…
continuous with veins in orbit
drain into cranial cavity
source of infection to meninges and brain
parotid gland
- location
- encased in…
- histological compsition
- -potential consequence
location
-lies in the parotid bed wedged between the ear and posterior edge of the ramus of the mandible
encased in parotid sheath
all glands are epithelial and highly mitotic
-can lead to tumors in this gland that impinge the facial nerve
parotid duct
- location
- empties into
location
-below zygomatic arch
empties into oral cavity adjacent to upper second molar
parotid gland
- what nerve travels through it (without innervating)
- how can this nerve be damaged
facial nerve
surgery of the parotid gland can result in damage to the facial nerve
parotid gland
- innervated by…
- type of innervation
innervated by glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
autonomic innervation
parotid gland parasympathetic innervation
- what is responsible for this innervation
- produces
CN IX (glossopharyngeal) produces watery saliva
parotid gland sympathetic activation
- what is responsible for this innervation
- produces
carotid plexus
produces thick saliva
auriculotemporal nerve
- part of which nerve
- location in relation to parotid gland
- function
part of V3 of trigeminal lies deep to parotid gland function -carries glossopharyngeal innervation to parotid gland -doesn't carry sensory fibers into gland
clinical correlations to the face and parotid region
Bell’s palsy
trigeminal neuralgia
Herpes zoster (shingles)
cancer of the parotid gland
