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S1 Anatomy > Leg and Popliteal Fossa > Flashcards

Leg and Popliteal Fossa Flashcards

1
Q

crural fascia

  • location
  • integrated with what other structures?
A

location
-deep fascia of the leg
-continuous with the fascia lata (deep fascia of thigh)
-surrounds the leg
integration
-continuous with the periosteum of the tibia on its anterior and medial surface (surface you can palpate)

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2
Q

crural fascia

-important structures that arise from it

A

fascia thickens near distal end of thigh and is called the…
-superior and inferior extensor retinacula
anterior and posterior crural intermuscular septa

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3
Q

anterior and posterior crural intermuscular septa

  • location
  • purpose
A

location
-extend from the deep side of the fascia and attach to the lateral edge of the fibula
purpose
-separate and divide the three compartments of the leg

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4
Q

nerves of the leg

  • branches of ___ nerve
  • formed from _____
  • main branches identified where
A

branches of the sciatic nerve
formed from ventral rami of spinal nerves L4-S3
two main branches identified in the popliteal fossa (even though they may have branched in gluteal region or thigh)

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5
Q

nerves of the leg

-names

A 
tibial nerve
sural nerve
common fibular (peroneal) nerve
deep fibular (peroneal) nerve
superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve
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6
Q

tibial nerve

  • formed from
  • innervates which muscles
  • where does this nerve turn into?
A

formed from ventral division of ventral rami of L4-S3
innervates muscles of posterior compartment of the leg
nerve becomes
-medial plantar nerve
-lateral plantar nerve

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7
Q

sural nerve

  • formed from…
  • function
A

formed from
-medial sural cutaneous nerve (part of tibial nerve)
-lateral sural cutaneous nerve (part of common fibular nerve)
function
-innervates the inferior lateral posterior part of the leg
-sole of the foot

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8
Q

common fibular nerve

  • branches into…
  • where does it travel after the popliteal fossa?
  • where does it branch
A 
branches into
-deep fibular
-superficial fibular
from popliteal fossa
-wraps laterally around the neck of the fibular
divides
-deep to the peroneus muscle
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9
Q

deep fibular nerve

  • function
  • where does it travel after branching off common fibular?
A

innervates the muscles of the anterior crural compartment
following branching
-pierces the anterior crural intermuscular septum to descend on the anterior surface of the interosseous membrame
-remains deep to extensor retinacula

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10
Q

superficial fibular

  • function
  • location
A

innervates the muscles of the lateral crural compartment
location
-descends posterolateral to the anterior crural intermusclar septum

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11
Q

femoral artery becomes…

-where does this occur?

A

become popliteal artery

occurs once it enters the popliteal fossa via the adductor hiatus

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12
Q

genicular anastomosis

-formed by which arteries

A

medial and lateral superior genicular arteries
middle genicular artery
medial and lateral inferior genicular arteries

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13
Q

other arteries that supply the leg

A

descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery
descending genicular branch (branch of femoral artery)
anterior and posterior recurrent tibial artery (branch of the anterior tibial artery)
circumflex fibular artery (branch of fibular artery)

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14
Q

popliteal artery

  • has muscular branches to…
  • branches into which arteries (known as the terminal branches)
  • where does this occur?
A 
has muscular branches to the gastroc
branches into
anterior tibial
-posterior tibial
seen deep to gastroc
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15
Q

anterior tibial artery

  • route after branching off popliteal
  • becomes which artery and where?
  • function
A

penetrates the interosseous membrane to reach the anterior compartment of the leg
becomes
-dorsalis pedis artery on dorsal side of foot
function
-supplies the anterior muscle compartment

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16
Q

posterior tibial artery

-location

A

location

  • posterior compartment positioned alongside the posterior tibial nerve
  • NV bundle lies between the superficial and deep divisions of the posterior compartment of the leg
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17
Q

posterior tibial artery

-branches into

A

branches into fibular artery

18
Q

posterior tibial artery

  • route after branching
  • ends as which arteries
A

goes around medial malleolus to end on the plantar surface of the foot as the medial and lateral plantar arteries

19
Q

fibular artery

  • begins…
  • continues where…
  • function
A

begins distal to popliteus muscle
descends along the fibula
function
-supplies blood to the lateral crural compartment (no major artery in the lateral compartment)

20
Q

shin splints

  • what is it?
  • due to…
A 
what
-inflammation or swelling of tibialis anterior causing pressure on encasing crural fascia
due to
-inadequate warm-up
-poor running technique
21
Q

shin splints

-potential causes

A
  1. tearing of the origin of tibialis anterior on the tibia
  2. tibialis posterior (attached to interosseus membrane) is irritated with excess/forceful dorsiflexion
    - this irritates the continuity of the periosteum of the tibia
22
Q

foot drop

  • due to
  • which nerves can be involved?
A

loss of tibialis anterior function by damage to

  • sciatic
  • common peroneal
  • deep peroneal
    tib. anterior innervated by
  • deep peroneal nerve
23
Q

foot drop

-most common sites for damage that leads to this

A

sciatic nerve due to severe trauma in the

  • gluteal region
  • posterior thigh
24
Q

foot drop

-why is the common fibular nerve a common location of injury?

A

close to the surface as it wraps around the neck of the fibula and can be damaged by blunt trauma

25
Q

common fibular nerve

-becomes relatively protected after passing what location

A

after penetrating the anterior crural intermusclar septum

26
Q

knee joint

  • type of joint
  • permits what movements?
A

hinge type synovial joint permitting some rotation
movements
-flexion and extension of the leg
-rotation of the leg while knee flexed

27
Q

knee joint

  • relation of femur and tibia when knee is locked out
  • how is it unlocked (during closed and open chain?
A

femur is medially rotated on the tibia (closed chain)
unlock closed
-popliteus muscle laterally rotates the femur (tibia is fixed due to standing)
unlock open
-popliteus medially rotates the tibia on the femur

28
Q

knee joint articular capsule

  • what is it
  • where is it thicker?
A

what
-thick fibrous capsule
thicker
-where there are ligament expansions (intrinsic capsular ligaments of knee)

29
Q

capsular ligament names

A 
lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
medial collateral ligament (MCL)
patellar ligament
oblique popliteal ligament
arcuate popliteal ligament
30
Q

LCL

-description (3)

A

splits the tendons of insertion of the two heads of the biceps
overlies the origin of the popliteus
begins intrinsic, becomes external

31
Q

MCL

-description (1)

A

medial fibers strongly attached to the medial meniscus (intrinsic)

32
Q

patellar ligament

-extrinsic or intrinsic (complicated answer)

A

external as quad tendon and patellar ligament

there is an intrinsic part close to the patella as it approaches the articular surface

33
Q

oblique popliteal ligament

-characteristic

A

tendon of semimembranosus

intrinsic - support of capsule

34
Q

arcuate popliteal ligament

-characteristics (5)

A 
branched ligament
from
-head of the fibula
to
-intercondylar space of the tibia
-lateral epicondyle of the femur
intrinsic - support of capsule
35
Q

internal ligaments of the knee

  • names
  • how are they separated from the actual joint space
A 
names
-anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
-posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
-medial meniscus
-lateral meniscus
separated by synovial membranes
36
Q

ACL

  • function
  • tight when…
A

function
-prevents posterior displacement of femur on tibia
tight when fully extended

37
Q

PCL

  • function
  • tight when…
A

function
-prevents anterior displacement of femur on tibia
tight when fully flexed

38
Q

medial and lateral menisci

-attached to tibia by

A

attached to tibia by coronary ligament

39
Q

tibiofibular joint

  • type of joint proximally
  • type of joint distally
  • ligaments
A

proximally
-synovial joint planar type
distally
-fibrous syndesmosis type
ligaments
-anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligament
-transverse tibiofibular ligament (deep part of the posterior tibiofibular ligament)

40
Q

tibiofibular joint

  • how is the synovial (proximal) joint supported?
  • how is the syndesmosis (distal) joint anchored?
A

proximal
-supported by fibrous capsule surrounding joint
distal
-anchored by an interosseous membrane

S1 Anatomy (31 decks)

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