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Clinical Med > Skin n' such > Flashcards

Skin n' such Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three functions of the skin? (4)

A

Protection
Thermoregulation
Sensation
VIt D synthesis

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2
Q

How does the skin help regulate BP?

A

Constriction/dilation of capillaries

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3
Q

What are the three layers of the skin?

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous tissue

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4
Q

What is the outermost layer of the skin, and is composed of dead epithelial cells?

A

Stratum corneum

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5
Q

What is the layer below the stratum corneum?

A

Stratum lucidum

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6
Q

What is the layer below the stratum lucidum?

A

Stratum granulosum

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7
Q

What is the layer below the stratum granulosum?

A

Stratum spinosum

Stratum basale

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8
Q

What is the layer below the stratum basale?

A

Dermis

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9
Q

Which layer of the skin is only found in thick skin?

A

Stratum lucidum

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10
Q

What are the two layers of the epidermis?

A

Stratum corneum

Cellular stratum

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11
Q

What is the layer of the epidermis that contains melanin and keratin?

A

Stratum basale

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12
Q

What are the five layers of the epidermis, in order from top to bottom?

A 
Stratum Corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum basale
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13
Q

Which layer of the epidermis has dying (not totally dead yet), anuclear cells?

A

Stratum lucidum

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14
Q

What are the two stypes of sweat glands?

A

Eccrine sweat glands (skin)

Apocrine sweat glands (armpits)

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15
Q

What are the two types of hair?

A

Vellus (short, fine, unpigmented hair)

Terminal hair (coarse hair on scalp, eyebrows)

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16
Q

True or false: the fingernails can provide evidence of systemic diseases

A

True

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17
Q

Brown linear spots beneath the fingernail is indicative for what?

A

Endocarditis

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18
Q

What does clubbing of the nail indicate?

A

Heart or lung diseases

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19
Q

What does yellow nail indicate?

A

Psoriasis, fungal, or chronic respiratory issues

20
Q

What does darkening of the nail indicate?

A

Drugs, candida

21
Q

What does green to black fingernails indicative of?

A

Pseudomonas infx or injury

22
Q

What does a single blue or black nail indicate?

A

Melanoma or injury

23
Q

What do blue nails indicate?

A

Cyanosis, asthma, anemia

24
Q

What do longitudinal red or brown streaks in the fingernails indicate?

A

Endocarditis

25
Q

What is schamroth sign?

A

Seeing a diamond shape window when ring fingers are juxtaposed

26
Q

What are the 10 items that the schamroth sign is indicative of?

A
  1. Respiratory disorders
  2. Lung tumors
  3. Bronchiectatsis
  4. CF
  5. Empyema
  6. Interstitial fibrosis
  7. Congenital heat disease
  8. Liver cirrhosis
  9. Subacute endocarditis
  10. Hereditary
27
Q

What are the “ABCDEs” of melanoma?

A 
A- Asymmetry
B- irregular Borders
C - Variation in color
D - Diameter >6mm
E - Evolution of change is size
28
Q

What is the most common skin CA?

A

Basal cell carcinoma

29
Q

True or false: basal cell carcinoma is usually lethal?

A

False

30
Q

What is the cause of basal cell carcinoma?

A

Sun exposure

31
Q

What are the characteristics of basal cell carcinoma? (color, bleed easily, morphology)

A

Pearly/waxy papule that bleeds easily

central crater with rolled borders

32
Q

What is the treatment for basal cell carcinoma?

A

Excision or cryotherapy

33
Q

What is the second most common skin CA?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

34
Q

True or false: squamous cell carcinoma is more dangerous than basal cell carcinoma?

A

True

35
Q

Where does squamous cell carcinoma usually begin?

A

head, neck, oral

36
Q

What does squamous cell carcinoma look like? Does it grow slow or fast?

A

Scaling crusting telangiectasis

Raised nodule or shallow ulcer.

Grow slowly

37
Q

What is the treatment for squamous cell carcinoma?

A

Excision or radiation

38
Q

True or false: melanoma requires immediate attention

A

True

39
Q

What is the most common cause of death from skin CA?

A

Melanoma

40
Q

What does melanoma look like?

A

all the ABCDs are off

41
Q

Where do you always palpate/inspect when you find a melanoma?

A

Local (sentinel) lymph nodes

42
Q

What is the best type of light to use when inspecting for skin issues?

A

Natural light

43
Q

What are the worrisome symptoms for moles? (ABCD things)

A
  1. varied appearance
  2. Irregular borders
  3. Fades in surrounding skin
  4. Greater than 6 mm
44
Q

What is the white part at the base of a fingernail called?

A

Lunula

45
Q

What is the small bit of skin at the base of a fingernail called?

A

Proximal nail fold

Clinical Med (30 decks)

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