Skin n' such Flashcards
What are the three functions of the skin? (4)
Protection
Thermoregulation
Sensation
VIt D synthesis
How does the skin help regulate BP?
Constriction/dilation of capillaries
What are the three layers of the skin?
Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous tissue
What is the outermost layer of the skin, and is composed of dead epithelial cells?
Stratum corneum
What is the layer below the stratum corneum?
Stratum lucidum
What is the layer below the stratum lucidum?
Stratum granulosum
What is the layer below the stratum granulosum?
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale
What is the layer below the stratum basale?
Dermis
Which layer of the skin is only found in thick skin?
Stratum lucidum
What are the two layers of the epidermis?
Stratum corneum
Cellular stratum
What is the layer of the epidermis that contains melanin and keratin?
Stratum basale
What are the five layers of the epidermis, in order from top to bottom?
Stratum Corneum Stratum lucidum Stratum granulosum Stratum Spinosum Stratum basale
Which layer of the epidermis has dying (not totally dead yet), anuclear cells?
Stratum lucidum
What are the two stypes of sweat glands?
Eccrine sweat glands (skin)
Apocrine sweat glands (armpits)
What are the two types of hair?
Vellus (short, fine, unpigmented hair)
Terminal hair (coarse hair on scalp, eyebrows)
True or false: the fingernails can provide evidence of systemic diseases
True
Brown linear spots beneath the fingernail is indicative for what?
Endocarditis
What does clubbing of the nail indicate?
Heart or lung diseases
What does yellow nail indicate?
Psoriasis, fungal, or chronic respiratory issues
What does darkening of the nail indicate?
Drugs, candida
What does green to black fingernails indicative of?
Pseudomonas infx or injury
What does a single blue or black nail indicate?
Melanoma or injury
What do blue nails indicate?
Cyanosis, asthma, anemia
What do longitudinal red or brown streaks in the fingernails indicate?
Endocarditis
What is schamroth sign?
Seeing a diamond shape window when ring fingers are juxtaposed
What are the 10 items that the schamroth sign is indicative of?
- Respiratory disorders
- Lung tumors
- Bronchiectatsis
- CF
- Empyema
- Interstitial fibrosis
- Congenital heat disease
- Liver cirrhosis
- Subacute endocarditis
- Hereditary
What are the “ABCDEs” of melanoma?
A- Asymmetry B- irregular Borders C - Variation in color D - Diameter >6mm E - Evolution of change is size
What is the most common skin CA?
Basal cell carcinoma
True or false: basal cell carcinoma is usually lethal?
False
What is the cause of basal cell carcinoma?
Sun exposure
What are the characteristics of basal cell carcinoma? (color, bleed easily, morphology)
Pearly/waxy papule that bleeds easily
central crater with rolled borders
What is the treatment for basal cell carcinoma?
Excision or cryotherapy
What is the second most common skin CA?
Squamous cell carcinoma
True or false: squamous cell carcinoma is more dangerous than basal cell carcinoma?
True
Where does squamous cell carcinoma usually begin?
head, neck, oral
What does squamous cell carcinoma look like? Does it grow slow or fast?
Scaling crusting telangiectasis
Raised nodule or shallow ulcer.
Grow slowly
What is the treatment for squamous cell carcinoma?
Excision or radiation
True or false: melanoma requires immediate attention
True
What is the most common cause of death from skin CA?
Melanoma
What does melanoma look like?
all the ABCDs are off
Where do you always palpate/inspect when you find a melanoma?
Local (sentinel) lymph nodes
What is the best type of light to use when inspecting for skin issues?
Natural light
What are the worrisome symptoms for moles? (ABCD things)
- varied appearance
- Irregular borders
- Fades in surrounding skin
- Greater than 6 mm
What is the white part at the base of a fingernail called?
Lunula
What is the small bit of skin at the base of a fingernail called?
Proximal nail fold
