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Clinical Med > Eyes continued > Flashcards

Eyes continued Flashcards

1
Q

What is the normal size of pupils?

A

5-8 mm

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2
Q

What is an abnormal finding when testing pupillary responses?

A

Constriction of one pupil, but not the other.

Slow/fast constriction relative to the other

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3
Q

What type of chart is used when testing close up vision?

A

Rosenbaum test

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4
Q

What is the distance used for a Rosenbaum test?

A

At least 14 inches away from the eyes.

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5
Q

What type of chart is used when testing far distance sight?

A

Snellen chart

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6
Q

What is the distance from the patient to the snellen chart?

A

20 feet

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7
Q

What is the normal range of vision for an adult?

A

20/12 to 20/25

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8
Q

What is the near normal range of vision for an adult?

A

20/30 to 20/70

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9
Q

What is moderate low vision for an adult?

A

20/80 to 20/160

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10
Q

What is severe low vision for an adult?

A

20/200 to 20/400

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11
Q

What is considered legally blind?

A

If corrected vision cannot get better than 20/200

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12
Q

What is the border of the iris called?

A

corneal limbus

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13
Q

True or false: periorbital edema is always concerning

A

True

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14
Q

When would you perform en eversion of the upper eyelid?

A

When searching for polpys/FB

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15
Q

True or false: the swinging light test can be done even if cataracts are present?

A

True

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16
Q

What is an efferent defect of the eye? Which CN is involved?

A

When the pupil will not constrict (consensually or directly) due to a problem with CN III

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17
Q

What is an afferent defect of the eye? Which CN is involved?

A

When a pupil will constrict consensually, but not directly (due to a defect in CN II)

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18
Q

What structure separates the anterior chamber of the eye, from the posterior chamber?

A

The iris

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19
Q

What is the central canal in the eye called?

A

Hyaloid canal

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20
Q

When performing a lateral penlight test, what portion of the iris showing on the nose will be considered an abnormal test?

A

2/3

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21
Q

A pupil that is incorrectly medially directed is called what?

A

Esotropia

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22
Q

A pupil that is incorrectly laterally directed is called what?

A

Exotropia

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23
Q

A pupil that is incorrectly superiorly directed is called what?

A

Hypertropia

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24
Q

A pupil that is incorrectly inferiorly directed is called what?

A

Hypotropia

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25
Q

What does the cover-test look for?

A

Tropias

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26
Q

What does the cover-uncover test look for?

A

Phorias

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27
Q

The corneal reflex test is testing which CN(s)?

A

V1 and V2

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28
Q

When is the green light used in the fundoscopic exam?

A

To examine nerve fibers, drusen, or blood

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29
Q

When is the slit used in the fundoscopic exam?

A

To examine the anterior chamber and determine elevation of lesions

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30
Q

When is the large light used in a fundoscopic exam?

A

For dilated pupils

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31
Q

When is the small light used in a fundoscopic exam?

A

for undilated pupils

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32
Q

Which are thicker in the eyes: arteries or veins?

A

Veins

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33
Q

When is A-V nicking seen in the eye?

A

HTN

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34
Q

A pale and clearly dmaracted disc in the eye is indicative of what?

A

Optic atrophy

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35
Q

Pathological cupping in an eye exam is indicative of what?

A

Glaucoma

36
Q

New vessels on the optic disc is indicative of what?

A

DM retinopathy

37
Q

Blurred margins of the optic disc is indicative of what?

A

Papilledema

38
Q

What is accomodation?

A

Adjustment of the eye for aruious distances through modification of the lens curvature

39
Q

What is Amsler grid?

A

A set of charts with various geometric shapes in black and white, used for detecting defects of the central visual field

40
Q

What is Anisocoria?

A

Inequality of the diameter of the pupils. Normal if within 1 mm

41
Q

What is Aphakia?

A

A condition in which part or all of the crystalline lens of the eye is absent (usually due to surgical removal of the lens)

42
Q

What is aqueous humor?

A

the watery transparent liquid containing trace albumin and small amounts of salts produced by the iris, ciliary body, and cornea.

43
Q

What is astigmatism?

A

An abnormal condition in which the light rays cannot be focused clearly in a point of the retina, because of an irregular curvature of the cornea or lens

44
Q

What are Cataracts?

A

opacity of the lens; most commonly resulting from denaturation of the lens proteins caused by aging

45
Q

What is chalazion?

A

Small, hard tumor analogous to sebaceous cyst deelopin on the eye lids, formed by distention of a meibomian gland with secretion

46
Q

What is a choroid?

A

The middle vascular tunic of the eye lying between the retina and the sclera.

47
Q

What is a ciliary body?

A

the thickened part of the vascular tunic of the eye that joins the iris with the anterior portion of the choroid.

48
Q

What are cones (referring to the eye)?

A

the photosensitive, outward directed conical process of a cone cell essential for sharp vision and color vision.

49
Q

What is confrontation (referring to the eye)?

A

a test for estimating peripheral vision

50
Q

What is the conjunctiva?

A

the mucous membrane investing the anterior surface of the eyeball and the posterior surface of the lid

51
Q

What is the cornea?

A

The clear, transparent anterior portion of the fibrous coat of the eye comprising about 1/6 of its surface. It is the chief refractory structure of the eye.

52
Q

What is a corneal arcus?

A

opaque, white ring about corneal periphery, seen in many individuals older than 60 years. This is due to the deposit of lipids in the cornea of to hyaline degeneration

53
Q

What is a cotton-wool spot?

A

an ill-defined yellow area due to infarction of the nerve layer of the retina.

54
Q

What is diabetic retinopathy (background)?

A

a condition characterized by dot hemorrhages or micro-aneurysms and the presence of hart and soft exudates?

55
Q

What is diabetic retinopathy (proliferative)?

A

a condition characterized by development of new vessels as a result of anoxic stimulation; vessles grow out of the retina toward the vitreous humor

56
Q

Define: diopter

A

Refractive power of the lens with focal distance of 1 meter

57
Q

Define: diplopia

A

double vision

58
Q

Define: drusen

A

yellow or white deposits in the retina

59
Q

Define: ectropion

A

eversion of an edge or margin

60
Q

Define: episcleritis

A

Inflammation of the superfical layers of the sclera

61
Q

Define: entropion

A

an increase in the volume of the orbital content, causgin a protrusion of the globes forward

62
Q

Define: farsightedness

A

error of refraction in which , with accommodation completely relacex, parallel rays come to focus behind the retina

63
Q

Define: glaucoma

A

A disease of the optic nerve wherein the nerve cells die, producing increased cupping appearance of the optic nerve.

64
Q

Define: hemiaopia

A

blindness for half the field of vision in one or both eyes

65
Q

Define: hordeolum (sty)

A

a supprative inflammation of a sebaceous gland of the eyelid

66
Q

Define: hypertelorism

A

eyes spaced widely apart

67
Q

Define: Hyphema

A

Blood in the anterior chamber

68
Q

Define: iritis

A

inflammation of the iris

69
Q

Define: legal blindness

A

worse than 20/200 with correction or 20 degrees of peripheral vision in the best eye

70
Q

Define: macula

A

Central area of vision on the retina

71
Q

Define: mydriasis

A

pupillary dilation

72
Q

Define: miosis

A

abnormal contraction of pupils

73
Q

Define: mypoia

A

a condition resulting from a refractive error in which light rays entering the eye are brought into focus in front of the retina

74
Q

Define: papilledema

A

Edema of the optic disc, resulting in loss of definition of the disc margin; the cause often is increased intracranial pressure

75
Q

Define: pinguecula

A

a harmless, yellowish triangular nodule in the bulbar conjunctiva on either side of the iris that stops at the limbus

76
Q

Define: presbyopia

A

hyperopia and impaired near vision from loss of lens elasticity

77
Q

Define: pterygium

A

a triangular thickening of the bulbar conjunctiva that frowns slowly to the outer surface of the cornea, usually from the nasal side, and may cover a portion of the cornea

78
Q

Define: ptosis

A

the drooping of one or both upper eyelids

79
Q

Define: punctum

A

the tiny aperture in the margin of each eyelid that opens to the lacrimal duct

80
Q

Define: refraction

A

the act of determining the nature and degree of the refractive erros in the eye and correction of them by lenses

81
Q

Define: retinitis pigmentosa

A

a chronic, progressive disease, which may occur in childhood, characterized degeneration of the reitinal neuroepithelium

82
Q

Define: retinoblastoma

A

an embryonic malignant glioma arising from the retina usually during the first two years of lufe

83
Q

Define: strabismus

A

a condition in which both eyes do not focus on the same object simultaneously

84
Q

Define: uveitis

A

inflammation of the iris, ciliary body, and chorid, or the entire uvea

85
Q

Define: xanthelasma

A

an elevated plaque commonly found on the nasal portion of the eyelid due to elevated cholesterol

Clinical Med (30 decks)

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