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Clinical Med > Anus and prostate > Flashcards

Anus and prostate Flashcards

1
Q

What is pain with defecation indicative of?

A

Hemorrhoids

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2
Q

What is the cause of the black coloration of melena?

A

protein

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3
Q

What are the other causes of black stool? (3)

A

Iron
Black licorice
Bismuth salts

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4
Q

What is the cause of hematochezia? (4)

A

colon CA
polyps
Diverticulitis
Hemorrhoids

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5
Q

What is screening?

A

Testing without symptoms

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6
Q

What is the second leading cause of death in men over 50?

A

Prostate CA

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7
Q

At what age does the risk of prostate cancer increase?

A

50

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8
Q

How is prostate cancer different in african americans? (2)

A

Earlier age

More advanced

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9
Q

What are the three requirements to screen anything?

A

Pose a risk
No symptoms
Have an intervention

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10
Q

What is the D grade for screening?

A

D for “don’t do it”

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11
Q

What are the two screening methods for prostate ca?

A

PSA

Digital exam

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12
Q

When does colorectal CA screening begin?

A

at 50

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13
Q

What is lynch syndrome?

A

HNPCC

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14
Q

What is the recommendation grade for colorectal CA?

A

A

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15
Q

What are the three tumor “mimics” for female colon CA (things that feel like a mass, but is part of normal anatomy)?

A

Cervix
Retroverted uterus
Tampon

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16
Q

Why should you always look before doing a prostate exam?

A

See perianal abscesses and other things

17
Q

What should you tell your pt before performing a digital rectal exam?

A

That they may have a feeling of urgency

18
Q

What do you offer pts after the DRE?

A

Toilet paper

19
Q

What are the three common findings with the prostate on a DRE?

A

Prostatitis
BPH
CA

20
Q

What are the five common findings with the rectum on a DRE?

A 
Anal fissures
polyps
CA
Hemorrhoids
Prolapse
21
Q

What are the symptoms of prostatitis?

A 
Dysuria
Frequency
nocturia
Hesitancy
Suprapubic pain
Painful ejaculation
Flu like symptoms
22
Q

Why do you not do a DRE if you suspect prostatitis?

A

Spread the gram negative bacteria’s toxins

23
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of BPH?

A

Urgency
Frequency
Hematuria
(no dysuria)

24
Q

Is a DRE useful for BPH?

A

Yes

25
Q

What are the signs of BPH?

A

Enlarged prostate
No TTP
Hard
Symmetric

26
Q

Is PSA useful for BPH?

A

No

27
Q

What is the difference between prostate CA or BPH?

A

lack of symmetry

28
Q

What is the cause of an anal fissure?

A

Straining, or constipation

29
Q

What is the cause of an anal fistula?

A

infected anal gland, producing a chronic draining abscess

30
Q

What is a bowel prolapse?

A

protrusion of the anal canal through the anus

31
Q

True of false: biopsy is mandatory for anal polyps?

A

True

32
Q

What is a anal pap?

A

Anal screening for HPV

33
Q

What does a guaiac test, test for?

A

Heme–NOT iron

34
Q

How sensitive/specific is DRE for prostate CA?

A

59% sensitive

94% specific

Clinical Med (30 decks)

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