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Clinical Med > Heart > Flashcards

Heart Flashcards

1
Q

What is a harsh or musical intermittent auscultatory sound, especially an abnormal one called?

A

Bruit

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2
Q

What is bacterial infection of the endothelial layer of the heart and valves?

A

Bacterial endocarditis

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3
Q

What is excessive fluid accumulation between the pericardium and the heart?

A

Cardiac tamponade

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4
Q

What is Cor pulmonale?

A

enlargement of the right ventricle secondary to chronic lung disease

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5
Q

What is inflammation of the myocardium called?

A

Myocarditis

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6
Q

What is the myocardium?

A

middle layer of the heart

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7
Q

What is pericarditis?

A

Inflammation of the pericardium

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8
Q

What is a thrill?

A

fine, palpable sensation

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9
Q

Where is the aortic valve auscultated?

A

right 2nd intercostal

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10
Q

Where is the pulmonic valve auscultated?

A

left 2nd intercostal

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11
Q

Where is the mitral valve auscultated?

A

left 5th intercostal

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12
Q

Where is the tricuspid auscultated?

A

Left 4th intercostal, along sternal border

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13
Q

What is the parietal pleura innervated by?

A

Phrenic

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14
Q

Is the visceral pleural sensitive to pain?

A

No

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15
Q

What layer of the heart is usually affected in MIs?

A

Myocardium

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16
Q

What is another name for the epicardium?

A

Visceral epicardium

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17
Q

What causes heart sounds?

A

Blood flow

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18
Q

Is S3 pathologic?

A

In atheletes, can be normal.

Otherwise yes

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19
Q

What causes S1?

A

Closure of the AV vales

20
Q

What causes S2?

A

semilunar valve closure

21
Q

What causes S3?

A

Heard when blood flows passively from the atria to the ventricle

22
Q

What causes S4?

A

The atria contracting forcefully in an effort to overcome an abnormally stiff or hypertrophic ventricle

23
Q

How many beat do you need to listen to to auscultate properly?

A

4 beats = 3 seconds

24
Q

What part of the stethoscope do you use to listen to S1 or S2?

A

Diaphragm

25
Q

What part of the stethoscope is used to listen to higher pitched sounds?

A

Diaphragm

26
Q

What part of the stethoscope is used to listen to lower pitched sounds?

A

Bell

27
Q

What part of the stethoscope would you use to listen for S3 or S4?

A

Bell

28
Q

How can you make it easier to find the PMI?

A

Lay the patient in the left lateral recumbant

29
Q

What are the six qualities to assess for, for a murmur?

A
  1. Grade
  2. Where in cycle
  3. Sound shape
  4. Sound quality
  5. Heard loudest
  6. Radiation

(GCSQLR)

30
Q

True or false: ANY murmur present in SYSTOLE is pathologic

A

False–any in DIASTOLE

31
Q

When are aortic/pulmonic ejection sounds heard?

A

In early systole

32
Q

An ejection sounds that radiates into the carotids is probably of which type (aortic or pulmonary)?

A

Aortic

33
Q

An ejection sounds that intensifies on expiration and decreases on inspiration is of what type (aortic or pulmonary)?

A

Pulmonary

34
Q

True or false: aortic ejection sounds change with inspiration/expiration

A

False

35
Q

When is an “opening snap” heard?

A

Diastole when there is a deformed mitral valve

36
Q

Where is the PMI found normally?

A

left 5th intercostal space

37
Q

At the base, is S2 > or < S1?

A

S2 is greater at the base

38
Q

Is A2 >, < or = to P2 normally?

A

A2>P2

39
Q

True or false: JVD pulsation occurs in unison with the heart beat?

A

False–opposite

40
Q

What is the range of normal for JVP?

A

<3cm above sternal angle

41
Q

Does the PMI change in CHF?

A

Yes

42
Q

Why are bruits heard more over the left carotid?

A

Comes straight off of aorta

43
Q

What is the normal diameter for a PMI?

A

1.5-2 cm

44
Q

Displacement of the apical pulse lateral to the midclavicular line is indicative of what?

A

Left ventricular hypertrophy

45
Q

Heaves along the left sternal border is indicative of what?

A

Right ventricular hypertrophy

46
Q

Heaves at the apex is indicative of what?

A

Left ventricular hypertrophy

Clinical Med (30 decks)

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