Female genitalia Flashcards
Define menarche
The first menstruation and initiation of cyclic menstrual function
Define menopause
Absence of menses for 12 consecutive months, usually occurring between 48 and 55 years
Define postmenopausal bleeding
Bleeding occurring 6 months or more after cessation of menses
Define amenorrhea
Absence of menses
Define dysmenorrhea
Painful or difficult menstruation
Define premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
a cluster of emotional, behavioral, and physical symptoms occurring 5 days before menses for 3 consecutive cycles
Define abnormal uterine bleeding
Bleeding between meses; includes infrequent, excessive, prolonged, or postmenopausal bleeding
What is the age range for the onset of menses?
9-16
How long does it take to before menses become regular once it starts?
Full year
What is the interval for menstruation, and how many flow days?
24-32 days, with 3-7 flow days
When is an appropriate age to ask if menses has ceased?
40-60
What are the three questions that are appropriate to ask for a female of reproductive age?
Age of onset of menses
LMP
Cycle description
What are the three questions appropriate to ask for women who may have had menopause?
When stopped
Associated symptoms
Bleeding?
When is HPV most common?
In teens and 20 year olds
How long does it take for severe dysplasia from HPV to become invasive?
3-7 years
True or false: HPV usually clears in 1-2 years in those under 21 years old
True
When do pap smears begin?
Age 21
True or false: Pap smears should begin at 21, regardless of risk, behavior, and age of first sex
True
For females 21-29 years old, what, and how often should pap smears be done? Should HPV testing be done?
Cytology only, every three years, no HPV testing
When does cytology AND HPV testing start? How often?
30-65 years
Both every 5, OR cytology every 3
True or false: It is alright to perform an HPV test alone for 30-65 year olds
False–should be done in conjunction with cytology
After 65 years, how many negative pap smears does a person need to be considered safe for no further testing?
3 consecutive negatives or 2 conseutive co-tests
When should you continue to have pap smears for adults over 65 years?
h/o cervical CA
If a patient has had a hysterectomy, do they need further pap smears?
Only if the hysterectomy was done to remove CA
When do the guidelines for pap smears not apply? (4)
- HIV infecions
- imunosuppression
- Exposure to DES in utero
- h/o cervical CA
What are the ACOG guidelines for chlamydia screening?
All females 25 and younger
An anteverted uterus points in which direction?
Points posteriorly
A retroverted uterus points in which direction?
Anteriorly
A mid position uterus points in which direction?
Horizontal
How far does the cervix usually protrude into the vagina?
1-3 cm
What are the targets for HPV vaccine? (2 most common types)
16 and 18
What is the level of protection for women who receive the HPV vaccine and are exposed to the virus?
100%
The HPV vaccine does not protect against what percent of cervical CA caused by HPV types other that 16 and 18?
30%
What is the average number of pads women go through per day during menses?
3-4
What is a cystocele?
A hernial protrusion of the urinary bladder through the anterior wall of the vagina
What is a rectocele?
A hernial protrusion of part of the rectum through the posterior vaginal wall
What is the discharge associated with physiological vaginitis?
Clear to mucoid
