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Clinical Med > Abdomen > Flashcards

Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

Which quadrant is the liver and gallbladder in?

A

RUQ

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2
Q

Which quadrant is the left lobe of the liver in?

A

LUQ

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3
Q

Which quadrant is the lower pole of the right kidney in?

A

RLQ

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4
Q

Which quadrant is the cecum and appendix in?

A

RLQ

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5
Q

Which quadrant is the lower pole of the left kidney?

A

LLQ

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6
Q

Which quadrant is the pylorus in?

A

RUQ

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7
Q

Which quadrant is the spleen in?

A

LUQ

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8
Q

Which quadrant is the stomach in?

A

LUQ

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9
Q

Which quadrant is the duodenum in?

A

RUQ

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10
Q

Which quadrant is the bladder in (if distended)?

A

BLQ

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11
Q

Which quadrant are the ovaries located in?

A

BLQ

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12
Q

Which quadrant is the uterus located in?

A

BLQ

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13
Q

Which quadrant are the ureters in?

A

BLQ (for each side)

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14
Q

Which quadrant is the splenic flexure in?

A

LUQ

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15
Q

Which quadrant are the adrenal glands located in?

A

BUQ

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16
Q

Which quadrant is the Hepatic flexure of the colon located in?

A

RUQ

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17
Q

Which quadrant is pancreas in?

A

LUQ

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18
Q

Which quadrant is the ascending colon in?

A

RLQ and RUQ

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19
Q

Which quadrant is the spermatic cords in?

A

RLQ and LLQ

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20
Q

What are the steps of the PE for the abdomen?

A

Look, listen, Feel

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21
Q

What is Grey Turner’s sign and what seen in (4)?

A

Bruising of the flanks

Pancreatitis
Abdominal trauma
AAA
Ruptured ectopic

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22
Q

What is Cullen’s sign, and what is it seen in (2)?

A

Periumbilical bruising

Pancreatitis
Rupture ectopic

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23
Q

True or false: cullen’s and grey-Turner’s sign have a high specificity, but low sensitivity?

A

False, low sensitivity and low specificity

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24
Q

What is linea nigra?

A

A vertical line of pigmentation down from the umbilical that is often seen in pregnancy

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25
Q

What is caput Medusa?

A

Dilated, tortuous, and superficial veins that radiate upward from the umbilicus

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26
Q

What is diastasis recti?

A

A separation between the left and right side of the retus abdominus muscle

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27
Q

What does a scaphoid abdomen look like?

A

Concave

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28
Q

What does a protuberant abdomen look like

A

Convex

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29
Q

What can cause a distended lower abdomen (4)?

A

Bladder distention
Pregnancy
Ovarian mass
Sigmoid tumor

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30
Q

What can cause a protuberant abdomen (4)?

A

Excess gas
Ascities
Organomegally
Obesity

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31
Q

What are you listening for when you listen to the abdomen?

A

Bowel sounds, bruits

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32
Q

Which part of the stethoscope do you listen with when auscultating the abdomen?

A

Diaphragm

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33
Q

What should you listen for in the abdomen besides bowel sounds?

A

Aortic bruit
Renal arteries
Iliac arteries
Femoral bruit

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34
Q

What is the medical terms for a stomach growling?

A

Borborygmi

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35
Q

How often do borborygmi occur?

A

5-35 per minute

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36
Q

Increased BS is indicative of what? (3)

A

Gastroenterisis
early obstruction
Hunger

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37
Q

High-pitching tinkling in the abdomen is indicative of what (2)?

A

Intestinal fluid and air under pressure

Early obstruction

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38
Q

Decreased BS is indicative of what?

A

Peritonisis and paralytic ileus

39
Q

True or false: a healthy spleen will be dull to percussion

40
Q

What type of sound is produced from a protuberant abdomen? What does this suggest?

A

Diffusely tympanitic

Intestinal obstruction

41
Q

Describe tympany (pitch, resonance etc). Where is it heard?

A

Musical note of higher pitch than resonance

Heard over air-filler viscera

42
Q

Describe hyperresonance. Where is it heard?

A

Between tympany and resonance.

Heard over the base of the lung.

43
Q

Describe resonance. Where is it heard?

A

Sustained note of moderate pitch.

Heard over lung tissue and sometimes in the abdomen

44
Q

Describe dullness. Where is it heard?

A

Short, high pitched note with little resonance

Heard over solid organs adjacent to air filler structures

45
Q

What does the fluid wave test for?

46
Q

What does the shifting dullness test, test for?

47
Q

What is Lloyd’s test?

48
Q

True or false: a normal liver can be palpated

49
Q

True or false: a normal kidney can be palpated

50
Q

True or false: a normal spleen can be palpated

51
Q

True or false: a normal aorta can be palpated

A

True if patient is skinny

52
Q

What is an inflammation of the peritoneum?

A

Peritonitis

53
Q

Is guarding voluntary or involuntary?

54
Q

Where is McBurney’ point located?

A

1/3 distance from ASIS to umbilicus

55
Q

Is rigidity voluntary or involuntary?

A

Involuntary

56
Q

What is Rovsing’s sign?

A

RLQ pain worse by palpation of the LLQ. Seen in appy

57
Q

What is romberg-Howship’s sign?

A

Pain over the medial aspect of the thigh to the knee.

Seen in stragulated obturator hernia

58
Q

What is Markle’s sign?

A

Pain with hitting heels or jarring the abdomen

Can be seen in peritonitis, appy)

59
Q

What is Kehr’s sign?

A

Abdominal pain radiation to the left shoulder

Spleen rupture, renal calculi, ectopic)

60
Q

What is the dance sign?

A

Absence of bowel sounds in RLQ (intussusception)

61
Q

What is Blumberg’s sign?

A

Fixed dullner to prescussion in the let flanks and dullness in the right flank that disappears with position change

This can be seen in peritoneal irritation or appy

62
Q

Classically, burning pain is seen in what?

A

Peptic ulcer

63
Q

Classically, cramping pain is seen in what?

A

biliary colic

gastroenteritis

64
Q

Classically, colicky pain is seen in what?

A

Appy/renal stone

65
Q

Classically, aching pain is seen in what?

A

appendiceal irritation

66
Q

Classically, knife-like pain is seen in what?

A

Pancreatitis

67
Q

Classically, ripping or tearing pain is seen in what?

A

Aortic dissection

68
Q

Classically, a gradual pain is seen in what?

69
Q

Classically, sudden pain is seen in what?

A

duodeanal ulcer
Acute pancreatitis
obstruction/perforation

70
Q

Sudden LUQ/epigastric pain that radiates to the left shoulder. Associated symptoms include vomiting, fever, and shock. PE shows +grey turner’s and Cullen signs. Diagnosis?

A

Pancreatitis

71
Q

LLQ pain with associated fever, diarrhea, anorexia. LLQ TTP. Diagnosis?

A

Diverticulitis

72
Q

BLQ pain in sexually active female. Associated n/v cervical discharge, dyspareunia. Adnexal and cervical TTP. Diagnosis?

73
Q

Above what age is considered a risk for colon CA?

A

older than 50

74
Q

What ethnic background is predisposed to colon CA?

75
Q

True or false:obesity increases the risk for colon CA

76
Q

True or false: smoking increases the risk for colon CA

77
Q

True or false: EtOH increases the risk for colon CA

78
Q

What type of diet predisposes people to colon CA?

A

low fiber/fruit/veggies

High fat

79
Q

What are the two major hereditary diseases that cause colon CA?

80
Q

True or false: you should try to avoid examining babies in their mother’s arm/lap

A

False, opposite is true

81
Q

True or false: diastasis recti is benign in children and will resolve itself

82
Q

What are the aggrevating factors for an umbilical hernia in infants?

A

Crying, straining etc

83
Q

True or false: umbilical hernias in infants are benign and will usually close by themselves

84
Q

True or false: inguinal hernias in infants are benign and will usually close by themselves

A

False–inguinal hernias may incarcerate

85
Q

Are infants’ abdomen more rounded or more flat than adults?

86
Q

True or false: distension of an infants abdomen is normal, but scaphoid abdomens are abnormal

A

False, both abnormal

87
Q

When do umbilical cord fall off generally?

88
Q

Why should you not do a toddler’s abdominal exam standing up?

A

Their stomach will appear distended d/t lumbar lordosis

89
Q

How many cm below the costal margin will you find infant’s livers? Where should you start then?

A

1-3 cm below, so start 3-4 cm below

90
Q

Is it okay to palpate a baby’s abdomen while they’re breast feeding?

A

Yes, encouraged for calmness

91
Q

Why do you flex infants knees when palpating their abdomen?

A

softens stomach

92
Q

What is the most common palpable mass in an infant’s abdomen?

A

Enlarged kidney

93
Q

Redness around the umbilical cord is concerning for?what

A

Necratizing fasicitis

Clinical Med (30 decks)

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