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Clinical Med > MS > Flashcards

MS Flashcards

1
Q

What are appropriate questions to ask a pt during a MS exam?

A

Joint/ neuro

Functionality

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2
Q

What is the order of the MSK exam? (6)

A
  1. Inspection
  2. AROM /PROM
  3. Strength
  4. Reflexes
  5. Special tests
  6. Palpation
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3
Q

Why is palpation left to last?

A

avoid TTP

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4
Q

What does joint locking suggest?

A

Meniscal injury

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5
Q

What does give-way suggest?

A

Ligamentous ir meniscal injury

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6
Q

What does weakness suggest?

A

Neurological, myopatyh, tendinopathy, muscle injury

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7
Q

What does a clicking, popping/tearing sensation suggest?

A

Soft tissue injury/tear

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8
Q

What does tremor suggest?

A

Neuro issue

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9
Q

True or false: numbness/tingling always prompts concern

A

True

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10
Q

Why is night time pain concerning?

A

CA

Broken stuffs

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11
Q

What is tendonitis?

A

INflammation of a tendon

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12
Q

What is tendinosis?

A

Degeneration of a tendon

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13
Q

What is tenosynovitis?

A

Inflammation of a sheath of a tendon

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14
Q

What is tendinopathy?

A

Disease of a tendon–often painful overuse condition

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15
Q

What is a tremor?

A

an involuntary, somewhat rhythmic, muscle movement involving oscillations of one or more body parts

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16
Q

What is spasticity?

A

Velocity dependent resistance to muscle stretch

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17
Q

What is a strain?

A

Trauma to a muscle

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18
Q

What is arthritis?

A

Joint inflammation

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19
Q

What is arthrosis?

A

joint degeneration

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20
Q

What is arthropathy?

A

Disease of the joint

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21
Q

What is a sprain?

A

Trauma to a ligament

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22
Q

What is bursitis?

A

Inflammation of a bursa

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23
Q

What are landmarks used for in inspection?

A

Assessment of symmetry

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24
Q

What does ROM assess? (3)

A

Function
Muscle tone
Joint problems

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25
Q

What is the tool used to assess ROM?

A

Goniometer

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26
Q

Which should be tested first- AROM or PROM?

A

AROM

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27
Q

What do resistance test evaluate?

A

muscles/tendons

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28
Q

Smooth weakness indicates what type of cause?

A

Neurologic cause

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29
Q

Painless weakness indicates what type of cause?

A

Neurologic cause

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30
Q

Shoulder abduction and elbow flexion = what spinal level?

A

C5

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31
Q

Wrist extension = what spinal level?

A

C6

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32
Q

Elbow extension = what spinal level?

A

C7

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33
Q

Middle finger flexor = what spinal level?

A

C8

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34
Q

Abduction of the fingers = what spinal level?

A

T1

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35
Q

Hip flexors = what spinal level?

A

L2

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36
Q

Knee extension = what spinal level?

A

L3

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37
Q

Ankle dorsiflexion

A

L4

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38
Q

Extensor hallucis longus = what spinal level?

A

L5

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39
Q

Plantar flexion = what spinal level?

A

S1

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40
Q

Hoffman’s sign = what?

A

Flicking on the finger looking for extra motion in the index or thumb flicking into felxion

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41
Q

What is the Biceps brachialis reflex testing?

A

C5

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42
Q

What is the Brachioradialis reflex testing?

A

C6

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43
Q

What is the triceps reflex testing?

A

C7

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44
Q

What is the Patellar reflex testing?

A

L4

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45
Q

What is the medial hamstring reflex testing?

A

L5

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46
Q

What is the achilles reflex testing?

A

S1

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47
Q

Babinski’s sign looks for what?

A

Upper motor lesion

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48
Q

No evidence of movement = what grade of strength?

A

0/5

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49
Q

Trace movement = what grade of strength?

A

1/5

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50
Q

FROM with gravity eliminated = what grade of strength?

A

2/5

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51
Q

FROM against gravity but not against resistance = what grade of strength?

A

3/5

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52
Q

FROM against gravity, and with some resistance, but weak = what grade of strength?

A

4/5

53
Q

FROM against gravity and full strength

A

5/5

54
Q

How do you evaluate a ligament?

A

Elongating them by pushing or pulling on the bones they stabilize to assess for partial or complete tears

55
Q

How do you evaluate joint surfaces?

A

Rubbing them against each other to assess for pain d/t trauma/arthritis/degeneration

56
Q

How do you assess cartilage?

A

Gently squeezing them between bones or trying to find movements of the menisci that are excessive/painful/limited

57
Q

What is trendelenburg’s sign?

A

Falling of the hip d/t damage to the superior gluteal nerve (on the opposite side the falls)

58
Q

What is genu valgum?

A

Knock knees

59
Q

What is genu varus?

A

Bow legged

60
Q

What is pes planus?

A

Flat foot

61
Q

What is pes cavus?

A

high arches

62
Q

Bouchard nodes/Heberden nodes + ?

A

Osteoarthritis

63
Q

Swan neck or Ulnar deviation of the wrist = ?

A

RA

64
Q

What are heberden’s nodes?

A

Knobby knuckles caused by osteoarthritis

65
Q

What is the swan neck deformity?

A

Flexed DIP + hyper extended PIP indicative of RA

66
Q

What is boutonniere deformity?

A

flexed MIP + extended DIP

67
Q

What is ankylosing spondylitis?

A

Chronic, inflammatory disease of the spine and sacroiliac joints when sacroiliac joints fuse

68
Q

Loss of spinal curves can be seen in what two conditions?

A

Whiplash

Spinal stenosis

69
Q

What is a Spurling’s test, and when is it positive? What does it test for?

A

Extension and rotation of the neck. Positive if pain is past the mid humerus

Tests for C5 compression

70
Q

What is the distraction test for Spurling’s test?

A

Positive if radicular symptoms are lessened or relieved by pulling up on the head

71
Q

What does the straight leg raise test for?

A

Sciatic nerve irritation (L4, L5, S1)

72
Q

What is Bragard’s / Lasegue’s test? What is it used to confirm

A

When SLR is +, limb is lowered just until pain is relieved, then ankle is dorsiflexed.

Confirms SLR

73
Q

What is the Apley scratch test?

A

Assessment for ROM of the shoulder

Test int rotation, external rotation

74
Q

What is neer’s test? What does it test for?

A

raising arm above head, externally rotating

Tests for impingement

75
Q

What is Hawkin’s test? What does it test for?

A

Bring arm into plane, then internally rotate

76
Q

What is the lift off test? What does it test for?

A

flex at the shoulder and internally rotate to wing scapular, then push back.

Tests for subscapularis

77
Q

What is the arm drop test? What does it test for?

A

Drop the arm from an elevated position. Positive if the arm falls past 20ish degrees since deltoid cannot lift above that point

78
Q

What is the apprehension test? What does it test for?

A

Flex forearm, abduct the arm with external rotation. If pain, then may be tear

79
Q

What is Yergason’s test? What does it test for?

A

Supinate forearm against resistance. Tests for biceps tendon

80
Q

What is Speed’s test?

A

Tests the biceps tendon

Arm is straight, palm up. Flex against resistance.

pain in anterior shoulder indicated biceps tendonopathy

81
Q

What is the empty can test?

A

Tests the supraspinatus tendon

Arm abducted, internally rotated

82
Q

What are the three things to inspect at the elbow?

A

Cubitus valgus
Cubitus varus
Atrophy
Bursitis

83
Q

What is the appropriate way to test ROM of the elbow?

A

Elbows against the body to avoid shoulder involvement

84
Q

What is Tennis elbow?

A

Lateral epicondylitis

85
Q

What is Golfer’s elbow?

A

Medial epicondylitis

86
Q

What is carry angle?

A

The normal valgus angle between the upper arm and forearm with the elbow extended

87
Q

What is the normal carry angle?

A

less than 20 degrees

88
Q

What does the varus stress test, test for?

A

Radial collateral ligament instability

89
Q

What does the valgus stress test, test for?

A

Ulnar collateral ligament instability

90
Q

What does the tinel’s sign, test for?

A

Cubital tunnel syndrome (ulnar entrapment neuropathy)

91
Q

What is Cozen’s test test for?

A

Lateral epicondylitis

92
Q

What does the Maudsley’s test, test for?

A

Lateral epicondylitis

93
Q

What angle should the elbow be in to perform the varus and valgus stress test?

A

20 degrees

94
Q

Where is Tinel’s sign done to test for ulnar neuropathy?

A

Between the medial epicondyle and the olecronon

95
Q

When does Tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis) occur?

A

After repetitive wrist extension and supination

96
Q

What is Cozen’s test?

A

Resistance of wrist extension

Tests for lateral epicondylitis

97
Q

What is Maudsley (3rd finger) test?

A

REsist the extension of the 3rd digit PIP joint

Tests for lateral epicondylitis

98
Q

What is phalen’s test?

A

Test for carpal tunnel

resist wrist extension

99
Q

What is tinel’s sign?

A

Tapping at the base of the thumb to assess for carpal tunnel

100
Q

What is de Quervain’s Tenosynovitis?

A

Swelling or stenosis of the sheath that surrounds the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis

101
Q

What causes de Quervain’s Tenosynovitis?

A

Direct injury or repetitive activity

102
Q

What are the symptoms of de Quervain’s Tenosynovitis?

A

Pinching, gripping wrist and thumb movements associated with pai

103
Q

What is Finkelstein’s test?

A

Tests for de Quervain’s Tenosynovitis.

Thumb flexed and fingers”fisted” over thumb. Examiner twists wrist into ulnar deviation

104
Q

TTP at the snuff box is indicative of what?

A

Scaphoid fracture

105
Q

Palpable nodule at the DIP joint = ?

A

Herberden’s node (for osteoarthritis)

106
Q

Palpable nodule at the PIP joint = ?

A

Bouchard’s nodes (for osteoarthritis)

107
Q

Swelling at the MCPs, ulnar deviation of the fingers, and boutonniere deformities =?

A

RA

108
Q

What is Dupuytren’s contracture?

A

Fibrosis of palmar fascia with flexion contraction of the MCP and PIP joints.

Unable to extend 4th or 5th digits

109
Q

What is trigger finger?

A

Ligamentous sheath swelling

Pain with flexion of the finger

110
Q

Rupture of the palmar PIP ligament, synovitis - ?

A

Swan neck deformitiy

111
Q

Rupture of central extensor tendon at its insertion into the middle phalanx = ?

A

Boutonniere’s deformity

112
Q

What is mallet finger?

A

Avulsion of extensor tendon at DIP joint

113
Q

What does the APB test (I hope you know this muscle after anatomy, cause I sure as hell don’t now)?

A

Median n

114
Q

What does the ADM test?

A

Ulnar nerve

115
Q

What is the grind test?

A

Pushing thumb and wiggling it. Tests for OA

116
Q

What is the FABER (patrick) test?

A

Figure four position, tests sacroiliac joint vs hip cause of pain

117
Q

Pain lateral in FABER test = ?

A

Hip

118
Q

Pain medial/posterior with FABER test = ?

A

Sacroiliac cause of pain

119
Q

What is Thmoas test?

A

That runner’s stretch you never do

Test hip flexors

120
Q

What is Ober test?

A

Flex leg at the knee, let fall. If falls, then tight IT band

121
Q

What is the ballottement test?

A

Tests for joint effusion

Push fluid down, then patella down

122
Q

What does McMurray’s test test for?

A

Medial and lateral meniscus injury

Flex hip, apply, varus/valgus stress, then bring back down

(whichever way you point the heel, is the meniscus you’re testing)

123
Q

What does Apley’s compression test test for?

A

Meniscal tearing

Compress a flexed leg and rotate it

124
Q

What does Apley’s distraction test test for?

A

Tests collateral ligaments

Lifting a flexed leg and rotation, while pressing down on the posterior thigh, just above the knee

125
Q

What does the anterior drawer test test in the ankle?

A

Lateral instability, ATF ligament tear

126
Q

What does the talar tilt test test for?

A

Lateral instability in the ATF or CF

Tilt foot toward midline while applying anterior force on ankle

127
Q

What does the ankle squeeze test test for?

A

High ankle sprain/ syndesmotic sprain/fracture

128
Q

What does the ankle external rotation test test for?

A

Syndesmotic injury

Clinical Med (30 decks)

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