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Farm Animal Medicine Final > Skin Diseases Of Cattle > Flashcards

Skin Diseases Of Cattle Flashcards

1
Q

Causative factors of ruminant skin diseases

A 
• General signs and information about skin disease
• Hereditary/congenital skin diseases
• Acquired skin diseases
	o Allergic dermatitis
	o Skin signs of systemic bacterial/viral diseases 
	o Bacterial dermatitis
	o Fungal dermatitis
	o Parasitic dermatitis
	o Viral dermatitis
	o Neoplastic dermatitis
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2
Q

Alopecia in cattle

A
  1. Congenital (hereditary) alopecia
    o Hypotrichosis congentia generalisata: Holstein Friesian
    o Hypotrichosis congenita areata: hereford
  2. Acquired alopecia/hair loosing
    o Alopecia acquista: B2-vitamin, Zn, deficiency, cachexia, severe chronic disease
  3. Partial signs of acquired skin diseases
    o (with other dermatological signs)
    e.g. scabies, trichophytiasis, louse infection
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3
Q

Alopecia in sheep

A
  • Chronic weight loss, cachexia (e.g. pseudotuberculosis, endo/ectoparasitosis)
  • Nutritional problem/deficiency (protein, Co, Se deficiency)
  • Wool (fleece) eating (end of the winter, housing)
  • Scabies (+ lichenification, scaling, pruritus)
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4
Q

Photodermatitis

  1. Aetiology
A

• Primary photosensitisation
o Plants containing photosensitizing (photogenic) substances
▪ Hypericum perforatum (St. John’s wort)→hypericin
▪ Fagopyrum esculentum
▪ Lupinus albus, Trifolium spp., Brassica spp.
• Secondary photosensitisation
o Aberrant pigment synthesis: inherited congenita porphyria
o Hepatogenous photosensitisation (phylloerythrin accumulation)
o Plants containing hepatotoxins (Lupinus spp., Periconia spp. fungus)
o Chemicals: CCl, corticosteroids (?)

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5
Q

Photodermatitis

  1. Clinical symptoms
A
  • Sunshine→hypopigmented areas
  • Oedema, weeping, gangrene
  • On: head, extremities, udder
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6
Q

Photodermatitis

  1. Treatment
A
  1. No sunshine, eliminate aetiological factors
  2. Laxatives
  3. Topical treatment (?) e.g. ichthyol, antihistamines, antibiotics
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7
Q

Allergic dermatitis

A
  • Dermatitis on the legs: potato poisoning, topical application or irritants (e.g. diesoline), dirty straw (sheep)
  • Exanthema, vesicles→purulent/necrotic processes
  • Change of feeding, local treatment (?), antihistamines, dry, clean straw
Postvaccinal allergic dermatitis
	• After FMD vaccination (Al[OH] gel)
	• (neck, extremities, udder)
	• Papules → serum → scab
Fleece root of sheep
	• Constant wetting
Urticaria (Acute allergic dermatitis)
	• Vaccination, blood transfusion, drugs, inhaled allergens, bacteria, parasites
Allergic dermatitis: milk allergy/urticaria due to missing milking event
	o Prednisolone
	o Noradrenaline 
	o Antihistamine
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8
Q

Dermatological symptoms of viral diseases in ruminants

A 
➢ FMD
➢ Malignant catarrhal fever
➢ VD
➢ Papillomatosis
➢ Infectious vesicular stomatitis ➢ Lumpy skin disease
➢ Blue tongue
➢ Variola of sheep
➢ Bovine variola (pox)
➢ Contagious ecthyema
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9
Q

FMD - foot and mouth disease

A
  • Aphtovirus
  • Nose, mouth hoof: vesicles, erosions, scales, detached hoof

Clinical diagnosis
• Large epidemic, high fever, dermatological signs
• Swine can also be infected
Differential diagnosis
• Traumatic, allergic dermatitis, laminitis, mycotoxicosis (mouth)

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10
Q

Malignant catarrhal fever

A
  • Herpesvirus
  • Head, udder, scrotum, thigh
  • Colliquation (necrosis), ulcus
  • Other signs: “malignant head disease”
  • Peripheral keratitis, vulva
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11
Q

BVD - bovine viral diarrhoea

A
  • Pestivirus

* Skin bleedings, +/- skin ulcers (hoof margin, interdigital space)

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12
Q

Papillomatosis

A

• Papovaviridae, papillomavirus

Aetiology
• Papilloma virus
• Can be transmitted (contacts, injuries, blood sucking arthropods)

Treatment
• Surgical removal, auto/herd vaccine

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13
Q

Infectious vesicular stomatitis

A

Vesiculovirus

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14
Q

Lumpy skin disease

A

• Capripoxvirus genus

Differential diagnostics
	• Laboratory examination: needed, because only severe cases are obvious
	• Herpes: mamillitis: BHV-2
	• Vesicular stomatitis: Vesiculovirus
	• Cowpox: orthopoxvirus
	• Besnoitosis, demodicosis
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15
Q

Blue tongue

A
  • Orbivirusvirus

* Also in Europe

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16
Q

Variola in sheep

A

Capripoxirus genus

17
Q

Bovine variola (pox)

A
  • Teat, udder
  • Parapoxvirus
  • Zoonotic – cover human hands
18
Q

Contagious ecthyema in sheep - soremouth

A
  • Mouth, feet

* Parapoxvirus

19
Q

Dermatological symptoms of bacterial diseases in ruminants

A 
➢ Necrobacillosis
➢ Tuberculosis
➢ Dermatitis nodosa
➢ Arcanobacterium (Corynebacterium) pyogens 
➢ Actinobacillosis
20
Q

Necrobacillosis (Fusobacterium necrophorum)

A
  • Calf, lamb: skin lesion

* Adults: panaritium

21
Q

Tuberculosis

A

Nodular skin lesions

22
Q

Dermatitis nodosa

A

Atypical mycobacteria: legs, udder

23
Q

Arcanobacterium pyogenes (Corynebacterium)

A

Purulent dermatitis

24
Q

Bacterial dermatitis – Abscessation in ruminants

A

Causes
• Arcanobacterium (Trueperella), Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (small ruminant/camel), anaerobs (Fusobacterium) LVIER

Diagnosis and treatment
• Deeper requires ultrasonography (UMBILICUS)
• Use antibiotics only if significant cellulitis is present

Defence
• Tylosin feeding/vaccination

25
Q

Fungal diseases - Trichophytiasis/ ringworm

Aetiology

A

• Bovine (calves): Trichophyton verrucosum
o Contact (direct) infection: animal→object, animal, people
• Sheep (rare): Trichophyton verrucosum + T. mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis
• Contribution factors→indicator disease (decreased general resistance)
o Poor hygiene: moisture, crowded animals, dark stable (winter) o Nutritional problems: vitamin/protein deficiency
o Endoparasitosis: ascariasis, coccidiosis
• Trichophytiasis can occur together with scabies

26
Q

Ringworm

Clinical signs and diagnosis

A
  • Begins on the head and neck, can spread to the trunk
  • Regular oval lesions: alopecia, crust (thick, grey-yellow)
  • Growing peripherally, not itching (but in people: yes!)

• Typical skin lesions + skin scrap (hair)

27
Q

Ringworm

Differential diagnosis

A

Scabies, Zn-deficiency, louse infection, chlorinated naphthalene poisoning

28
Q

Ringworm

Treatment

A
  1. Vaccination
    o Trichoben A.U.V.
    o Insol Trychophyton A.U.V.
    o Ringvac Bovis A.U.V.
  2. Topical therapy (?) e.g. eniconaxole (Imaverol A.U.V. solution)
  3. Peroral treatment (?) e.g. griseofulvin, nystatin
  4. Vitamin E
  5. Elimination of the contributing factors
29
Q

Parasitic dermatitis - Mange/scabies

A
  • Cattle: Sarcoptes scabiei var. bovis, Chorioptes boivs, Psoroptes ovis
  • Sheep: Sarcoptes scabiei var. ovis, Chorioptes ovis, Psoroptes ovis
  • Indicator disease, thick folds, crusts, pruritus
30
Q

Neoplastic diseases

A
  • melanosarcoma
  • eyelid carcinoma / transition cell carcinoma

Treatment: enucleation

Farm Animal Medicine Final (61 decks)

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