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Farm Animal Medicine Final > Lung And Upper Airway Diseases In Cattle > Flashcards

Lung And Upper Airway Diseases In Cattle Flashcards

1
Q

Rhinitis

A
  • viral
  • bacterial
  • fungal
  • allergic
  • nasal discharge
  • lab exam +
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2
Q

Sinusitis

A
  • 90% traumatic origin
  • viral
  • bacterial
  • allergic
  • local inflammation
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3
Q

Laryngo-tracheitis

A
  • viral
  • bacterial
  • allergic
  • coughing
  • diagnosis: auscultation
  • paralysis —> think of rabies
    - notifiable disease
    - zoonotic disease
  • lab exam +
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4
Q

Oedema / emphysema pulmorum

A
  • 3 - metil - indol

subcutan emphysema dyspnoe

Diagnose:
• auscultation
• percussion auscultation

  • lab exam +
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5
Q

Pneumonia interstitialis

A
  • viral
  • bacterial
    • chlamydia
    • mycoplasma mycoides (notifiable disease)
  • parasite

Fever
Restlessness anorexia

Diagnose:
• auscultation
• percussion auscultation

  • lab exam +
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6
Q

Malignant catarrhal fever

cause

A

herpesvirus (OHV-2)
Transmission from sheep and goats kept with close contact
Dyspnoae, bilateral catharacta
Keleti, József: A Malignant catarrrhal fever in our country.
Veterinarius.
The first description on the occurrence of the disease in Hungary

Cornea looks smoky

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7
Q

Malignant catarrhal fever

clinical signs

A

salivation

Necrotic changes, purulent material

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8
Q

IBR - Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis

Etiology

A

Bovine herpes virus I

After stress (shipping fever), secondary bacterial infection (Pasteurella, Mannheimia)

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9
Q

IBR - Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis

Clinicals signs

A

unilateral catharacta, skimosis

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10
Q

BVD – bovine virus diarrhea

Etiology

A

pestivirus

Severe immunosuppression

Nasal discharge (watery or greyish)

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11
Q

BVD – bovine virus diarrhea

Diagnosis

A

ELISA, PCR

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12
Q

Mixed virus infection (BVD, IBR), calf

A

Sharped edge ulcers in mucosal membranes

In farm condition -> big movement of animals

Immunodepression, fight for social raking, stress form transport

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13
Q

Horn inflammation

A

Sinus frontalis, horn broken or cut

Bacteria etc can enter and cause infection

Antibiotics not helpful because bad circulation in bone

Local administered drug needed

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14
Q

Laryngeal paralysis

A

First exclude rabies

Plomb poisoning

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15
Q

Fog fever
(acute bovine pulmonary emphysema and edema, ABPEE)

Etiology

A

3-methyl-indol

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16
Q

Fog fever
(acute bovine pulmonary emphysema and edema, ABPEE)

Pathogenesis

A

• Fresh purulent grass
• consume lot of easy hydrolysing proteins + quick hydrolysation of carbohydrates
• increased ruminal ammonia concentration
• pH decreases
• 3-methyl-indol goes to liver through portal circulation arrives in lung -> action of
phospholipid membrane which damages the alveolar epithel -> results in increased
permeability
• Lot of fluid appears in aveoli→pulmonary oedema

17
Q

Fog fever
(acute bovine pulmonary emphysema and edema, ABPEE)

Clinical signs

A
  • after 4-10 days, sudden, multiplied onset!
  • Only adult animals!
  • Cyanosis
  • T normal , P inc , R inc
  • Nasal discharge: white foam, as sign of lung edema
18
Q

Fog fever
(acute bovine pulmonary emphysema and edema, ABPEE)

Diagnosis

A

detection of 3-methyl-indol from the ruminal fluid

19
Q

Fog fever
(acute bovine pulmonary emphysema and edema, ABPEE)

Differential diagnosis

A 
• Severe rumen overload
• lactacidaemia
• bloat (free-gas, frothy)
        o percussion
        o ruminalfluid
• Poisonings: cyanic glicosides, methaemoglobinaemia
20
Q

Fog fever
(acute bovine pulmonary emphysema and edema, ABPEE)

Diseases with sudden death

A
  • Cl. perfringens
  • electrical stroke
  • strike of lightening
  • toxicoses
21
Q

Fog fever
(acute bovine pulmonary emphysema and edema, ABPEE)

Treatment

A

• Hay instead of grass!
• Keep off from the grass!
• Antibiotics per os to suppress bacteria producing ammonia (neomycine, tetracyclines)
o In farm conditions not per os for adult ruminants because problem of how to rebuilt ruminal flora
• 20-40 %-os glucose infusion iv. -> withdraw fluid from lung, kidney will excrete glucose (glycosuria but only temporally)
• Antihistamines, glucocorticoids, epinephrine, flunixin-meglumine (economy when applying these drugs?)
• Diuresis: furosemide iv.

22
Q

Enzootic bronchopneumonia of calves

A

Multifactorial disease

Did calve consume enough of good quality colostrum?

23
Q

Enzootic bronchopneumonia of calves

Etiology

A 
Viruses:
• PI-3 parainfluenza
• adeno
• BVD
• RS respiratory syncytial
• IBR

Bacteria:
• Pasteurella haemolytica
• Pasteurella multocida
• Haemophilus somnus -> great importance for differential diagnosis
• Chlamydia psittaci -> zoonosis
• Streptococcus pneumoniae
• Mycoplasma bovis
➔ P. multocida and Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica: also responsible for shipping fever
(together with other respiratory viruses and mycoplasmas)

24
Q

Enzootic bronchopneumonia of calves

Predisposing factors

A
  • dust
  • cold
  • gas (NH3)
  • mycotoxins
  • transport
  • management problems
  • trychophytiasis -> animal has always wet coat, general hygienic status is bad
  • endo- and ectoparasites
  • colostral antibodies!!!
  • deficiency of essential nutritives and vitamins
25
Q

Occurence of bovine respiratory viruses

A

Virus / Infected farms / Serologically (+) samples
Parainfluenza - 3 / 87% / 84%
Bovine adeno - 2 / 53% / 36%
IBR / 32% / 14%
Bovine adeno - 4 / 23% / 5%
Bovine adeno - 8 / 20% / 4%

26
Q

Occurence of bovine respiratory viruses

Pathogenesis

A
  • predisposing factors:
    virus infections
  • respiratoric epithelial damage
  • death or recovery

bacterial infection

  • overgrowth of bacteria within the lower respiratory tract / citotoxin production
  • dysfunction of alveolar macrophags, overgrowth of bacteria, inflammation
  • death, chronic disease or recovery
27
Q

Occurence of bovine respiratory viruses

Clinical signs

A
  1. Sadness, but clean animal only nasal discharge, fever, auscultation moisture movement like finding
  2. Accumulation of nasal discharge, start treatment advised
    o Question of antibiotic resistance
28
Q

Occurence of bovine respiratory viruses

Chronic stage

A

inspiration type dyspnoea, small salivation, eyes (afraid of getting not enough air), haircoat not healthy animal

29
Q

Occurence of bovine respiratory viruses

Treatment

A

➔ Cost benefit control

• Antibacterial therapy:
o antibiotics, sulfonamides, antiserum against
pasteurellae to treat bacterial complications
• Symptomatic therapy:
o bronchodilators (e.g. aminophylline),
secretolytics (e.g. acetylcysteine, bromhexine)
o Antiinflammatoric and antitussive: e.g.
antihistamines: dextromethorphan;
o non-steroid antiinflammatorics, e.g. flunixin
meglumine (expensive)
• To improve general resistency:
o Vitamin D and A
• Young calfes (of few-day old):
o preserved (frozen) colostrum can also be given

30
Q

Lung worm disease

Etiology

A

Dictiocaulus viviparus

31
Q

Bronchitis and pneumonia in sheep

Etiology

A 
Viruses:
• adenovirus
• PI-3 virus
• reovirus
• retroviruses
Bacteria:
• Pasteurella
• Chlamydia
• Str. zooepidemicus (lamb)
• Corynebact. pseudotub. (older adults)
• Pseudomonas (adults)
• Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae
• Mycoplasma dispar

Parasites:
• Dictyocaulus filaria
• Protostrongylida spp. (focal)

32
Q

Bronchitis and pneumonia in sheep

Predisposing factors

A

Malnutrition, crowded stables, cold, NH3

33
Q

Bronchitis and pneumonia in sheep

Clinical signs

A
  • Acute: Fever, dyspnea, nasal discharge, coughing
  • Chronic: Prolonged course, chronic wight loss, coughing
  • Lung adenomatosis: Thick, muddy nasal discharge Maedi:
34
Q

Bronchitis and pneumonia in sheep

Diagnosis

A

Bronchial lavage: detection of bacteria or parasites

Farm Animal Medicine Final (61 decks)

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