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Farm Animal Medicine Final > Disease of the oral cavity and the oesophagus in ruminants > Flashcards

Disease of the oral cavity and the oesophagus in ruminants Flashcards

1
Q

Stomatitis

Classification

A

Morphological

Course of disease

Etiological (non-infectious agents)

Etiological (infectious agents)

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2
Q

Stomatitis

Morphological classification

A
  1. Simple stomatitis (stomatitis simplex, s. catarrhalis), e.g. mild physical - chemical causes
  2. Ulcerative st. (s. ulcerosa, s. erosiva), e.g. satratoxicosis
  3. Necrotic st. (s. necroticans, s. gangraenosa; noma), e.g. necrobacillosis
  4. Purulent st. (s. purulenta, s. phlegmonosa, s. apostematosa), e.g. bacterial stomatitis
    (actinobacillosis)
  5. Membranous st. (s. pseudomembranacea, s. crouposa, s. diphteroides), e.g. soor
    (candidiasis)
  6. Papular st. (s. papulosa), e.g. bovine papular stomatitis
  7. Vesicular st. (s. vesiculosa), e.g. FMD, soremouth
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3
Q

Stomatitis

Course of disease

A

o Acute
o Subacute
o Chronic

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4
Q

Stomatitis

Etiological classification (non-infectious agents)

A

o Physical causes: sharp plants, tooth abnormalities, foreign bodies

o Chemical causes: irritant chemicals (e.g. fertilizers), drugs (e.g. chloral hydrate),
acids, alkalis

o Toxicoses: e.g. chronic mercury or furazolidone toxicosis, satratoxicosis (Stachybotris
atra)

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5
Q

Stomatitis

Etiological classification (infectious agents)

A

o Bacteria: e.g. necrobacillosis (Fusobacterium necrophorum ssp. n.) actinobacillosis (Actinobacillus lignieresii), tongue actinomycosis (Actinomyces /C. bovis, A/C/. israeli), gum, bone

o Viruses:
▪ Bovine: FMD (aphthovirus), BVD (pestivirus), BPS (parapoxvirus), BMC
(herpesvirus), infectious rhinotracheitis (herpesvirus), vesicular stomatitis
(vesiculovirus), rinderpest (morbillivirus)
▪ Sheep, goat: FMD, soremouth=contagious ecthyma (parapoxvirus), blue
tongue (orbivirus), peste de petits ruminantes (morbillivirus)

o Fungi: moniliasis, candidiasis = soor (C. albicans)

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6
Q

Stomatitis

Clinical signs

A
  • General symptoms (in severe stomatitis) o Anorexia, depression, fever
  • Local symptoms
  • Halitosis (foetor ex ore)
  • Salivation
  • Disorders of eating (drinking, sucking, chewing)
  • Morphological alterations (see at the morphological classification)
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7
Q

Stomatitis

Diagnosis

A

• Symptomatic diagnosis: type of stomatitis
• Etiological diagnosis:
o History, typical morphological lesions
o General and other organic symptoms
o Additional laboratory examinations
• A TTENTION
o Fever, drooling, endemic onset: FMD!!!
o Drooling, CNS signs: RABIES!
o DO NOT MANIPULATE IN THE MOUTH

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8
Q

Stomatitis

Treatment of stomatitis

A
  1. Treatment and elimination of the cause if possible
  2. Diet (good quality hay, molasses, bran), peroral/intravenous fluid
  3. Local therapy: 0,1 % AgNO3 solution, 2 % borax, polividon iodide, mild oxidative
    disinfectants, camomile tea
  4. Increasing of general resistance and protection of the epithelium: Vitamin A
  5. Local or parenteral antimicrobial treatment for 5-10 days
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9
Q

Esophageal obstruction; choke (obturatio oesophagi)

Aetiology

A

• feeding history: solid (piece) of food, getting rid of the animal, hunger

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10
Q

Esophageal obstruction; choke (obturatio oesophagi)

Pathogenesis

A

• Obturation (anatomical predilections)→spasm→pain 
• Regurgitation, drooling, (wall necrosis) + bloat→(suffocation) 
perioesophagitis, perforation

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11
Q

Esophageal obstruction; choke (obturatio oesophagi)

Mechanism of misswallowing and regurgitation

A

I. Respiration
II. Swallowing
III. Misswallowing

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12
Q

Esophageal obstruction; choke (obturatio oesophagi)

Clinical signs

A
  • Peracute, acute course
  • Restlessness (colic like behaviour !!! )
  • Retching, salivation, regurgitation
  • Visible, palpable mass in the jugular groove
  • Rapid bloat (within hours), enlargement of the flanks (left side!)
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13
Q

Esophageal obstruction; choke (obturatio oesophagi)

Diagnosis

A

• History, solid mass in the jugular groove, esophageal tubing, (endoscopy)

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14
Q

Esophageal obstruction; choke (obturatio oesophagi)

Differential diagnosis

A

• Diseases with salivation, dysphagia, acute bloat (see next table)

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15
Q

Esophageal obstruction; choke (obturatio oesophagi)

Treatment

A

• Spasmolytics, analgesics (metamizol = dipyrone, flunixin meglumine)
• Sedation (xylazine)
• Trocarisation if necessary
• Removal of the foreign body:
o by hand
o by using a rubber tube or a special tube (+ oil, water)
o via surgery

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16
Q

Esophageal obstruction; choke (obturatio oesophagi)

Dysphagia in cattle

  Esophageal obstruction
A

Cause:
Large, solid pieces of feed

Differentiation
Feeding history, ± visible, palpable mass in the jugular groove, diagnostic probing (nasogastric tube)

17
Q

Esophageal obstruction; choke (obturatio oesophagi)

Dysphagia in cattle

  Esophageal compression
A

Cause:
Tumour, actinobacillosis, tuberculosis

Differentiation
chronic illness, diagnostic probing, endoscopy, contrast radiography

18
Q

Esophageal obstruction; choke (obturatio oesophagi)

Dysphagia in cattle

  Hoflund-disease
A

Cause:
Complete vagal indigestion (reticuloperitonitis)

Differentiation
Positive tests for pain, ruminal atony, ferroscopy, diagnostic rumenotomy

19
Q

Esophageal obstruction; choke (obturatio oesophagi)

Dysphagia in cattle

  Rabies
A

Cause:
Lyssavirus

Differentiation
First: colic-like symptoms, restlessness, hypersexuality Later: increased reactivity, central nervous signs, altered sound, medullar paralysis, ascending paralysis of the limbs; brain: Negri bodies; fluorescent antibody test

20
Q

Esophageal obstruction; choke (obturatio oesophagi)

Dysphagia in cattle

  Aujeszky-disease
A

Cause:
Herpesvirus

Differentiation
history: contact with pigs
tachypnoe, increased reactivity, central nervous signs, paraesthesia, 36-48 hours course of the disease; histological examination of the brain

21
Q

Esophageal obstruction; choke (obturatio oesophagi)

Dysphagia in cattle

  Botulism
A

Cause:
Clostridium botulinum toxin

Differentiation
Intact sensorium, flaccid paralysis of the striated muscles demonstration of toxin in blood, ruminal content, feed

22
Q

Esophageal obstruction; choke (obturatio oesophagi)

Dysphagia in cattle

  Cerebrocortical necrosis
A

Cause:
Thiamin hypovitaminosis

Differentiation
Feeding history, decreased reactivity, involuntary movements, blindness, blood: decreased transketolase and high pyruate acid level

23
Q

Esophageal obstruction; choke (obturatio oesophagi)

Dysphagia in cattle

  Cerebral abscess
A

Cause:
Bacterial metastasis

Differentiation
Decreased reactivity, sagging jaw, involuntary movement (no specific signs)

Farm Animal Medicine Final (61 decks)

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