Dislocations of the pregnant uterus, labour activity and uterine inertia in cattle.

Question 1

Labor pains / types

Answer 1

1. Premonitory pains
2. Opening pains
3. Expulsive pains
   Goal for 1-3→birth of the fetus
4. After pains (postpartum pains)→expulsion of the fetal membranes

Question 2

Abnormal labor pains

Answer 2

1. Early pains
2. Inertia (pathologic conditions of pain activity)
   a, primary (originating form uterus)
   b, secondary (originating form primary clinical disease -> abscess in abdomen)
3. Violent pains (ruptured uterus during birth process)

Question 3

Displacement of the gravid uterus

Answer 3

Can occur in all species!

A. In the vertical plane: [Normal situation: >120°]

1. Ventroversion of the gravid horn, downward deviation: 90-120°
2. Ventroflexion of the gravid horn: <90°
3. Retroflexion of the gravid horn (mare)

Question 4

Torsion of the gravid uterus

Diagnosis

Answer 4

rectal palpation of the broad ligaments

Question 5

Torsion of the gravid uterus

Direction

Answer 5

left (counter clockwise)

right (clockwise)

Question 6

Torsion of the gravid uterus

Magnitude

Answer 6

45°, 90°, 180°, 270°, 360°

Question 7

Torsion of the gravid uterus

Types

Answer 7

internal (torsion of uterus after cervix) or
external (torsion of uterus before the cervix) (this differentiation only in cows)

Best diagnostic possibility is transvaginal palpation

Upper folder of vagina (Dorsal lining of vagina) is already suggesting rotation into one direction